Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are extracellular hydroxyproline-rich proteoglycans implicated in plant growth and development. The protein backbones of AGPs are rich in proline/hydroxyproline, serine, alanine, and threonine. Most family members have less than 40% similarity; therefore, finding family members using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool searches is difficult. As part of our systematic analysis of AGP function in Arabidopsis, we wanted to make sure that we had identified most of the members of the gene family. We used the biased amino acid composition of AGPs to identify AGPs and arabinogalactan (AG) peptides in the Arabidopsis genome. Different criteria were used to identify the fasciclin-like AGPs. In total, we have identified 13 classical AGPs, 10 AG-peptides, three basic AGPs that include a short lysine-rich region, and 21 fasciclin-like AGPs. To streamline the analysis of genomic resources to assist in the planning of targeted experimental approaches, we have adopted a flow chart to maximize the information that can be obtained about each gene. One of the key steps is the reformatting of the Arabidopsis Functional Genomics Consortium microarray data. This customized software program makes it possible to view the ratio data for all Arabidopsis Functional Genomics Consortium experiments and as many genes as desired in a single spreadsheet. The results for reciprocal experiments are grouped to simplify analysis and candidate AGPs involved in development or biotic and abiotic stress responses are readily identified. The microarray data support the suggestion that different AGPs have different functions.
In this paper we focus on real-time scheduling of "soft" realtime data services such as multimedia data, MPEG video streaming and IP telephony, which can tolerate a small degree of loss or delay. We argue that network operators and service providers should be able to select from a range of Quality of Service objectives, including maximizing the number of customers receiving good service. Further, we argue that scheduling disciplines such as fair queueing are unable to achieve such goals and hence there is a need for alternative approaches. We propose a new scheduling scheme, which we call the Dual Queue discipline. We show that the Dual Queue has the flexibility to satisfy a variety of QoS objectives, ranging from existing notions of fairness through to maximizing the number of customers receiving good service. In addition, even the simplest Dual Queue implementation outperforms Fair Queueing, is scalable in the number of active sessions, and can be made fair, if desired, over moderate to long time scales.Keywords-Quality of Service, packet scheduling, Dual Queue, real-time packet scheduling. 0-7803-541 7-6/99/$10.00 01 999 IEEE.
In this paper we examine the blocking performance of networks in which connections may be blocked due to either insu cient capacity or due to limitations in the transmission network. We use analytical expressions and network simulations to examine blocking in networks in which the quality of the received signal may be so poor that the connection is e ectively blocked. In particular, we apply our analysis to networks which use wavelength converters based on four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical ampli ers. We show that the performance improvements obtained using these wavelength converters can be signicant, but this depends on whether the network uses xedfrequency or tunable transmitters and receivers.
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