X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of cerium oxides is discussed. The well-resolved 3d3,, (5d 6s)' 4f0 2p6 peak at 916.70 eV cannot be used for calculating the amount of reduction because the correlation between its intensity and the concentration of Ce(1V) and Ce(II1) species is not linear. We have therefore developed a complete analysis of the whole spectrum. The deconvolution procedure is explained in detail and the method is applied to two examples: a CeO,/AI,O, sample and a Pd/CeO, catalyst reduced under hydrogen.

A scanning tunneling microscope is used to generate the electroluminescence of phthalocyanine molecules deposited on NaCl/Ag(111). Photon spectra reveal an intense emission line at ≈1.9  eV that corresponds to the fluorescence of the molecules, and a series of weaker redshifted lines. Based on a comparison with Raman spectra acquired on macroscopic molecular crystals, these spectroscopic features can be associated with the vibrational modes of the molecules and provide a detailed chemical fingerprint of the probed species. Maps of the vibronic features reveal submolecularly resolved structures whose patterns are related to the symmetry of the probed vibrational modes.