Difference and variation of leaves shape is usually used as primary identifier of the plant species. But some plants may have a similar leaf shape and thus require another more accurate identifier. This study applied principal component analysis (PCA) methods for identifying tropical plant species from the shape of the leaves. This method simplified the observed variables by reducing the dimensions of the information that is stored as much as 75%, so it did not eliminate important information and can save the data processing time. There were 100 images of leaves taken from several sides of the leaf in JPEG format with which the shape of leaves were look similar, like citrus (Citrus aurantifolia), durian (Durio zibethinus), guava (Psidium guajava), mango (Mangifera indica), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), avocado (Persea americana), rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), sapodilla (Manilkara zapota), red betel (Piper crocatum) and soursop (Annona muricata). Identification of those 10 kind plant leaves produced 97% accuracy rate. Measurement systems were designed using the K-fold Cross Validation with k = 10, the results of experiments shown omission error occurs on the leaves of guava, jackfruit and red betel while twice commission error were found on the leaves sapodilla and once on citrus leaves.
Proses pemisahan biji dan kulit kacang tanah dapat dilakukan secara tradisional atau menggunakan mesin. Pengupasan kacang tanah secara tradisional dilakukan dengan menggunakan tangan (tanpa alat bantu) atau tongkat. Pengupasan kacang secara tradisional ini tanah dengan menggunakan tangan membutuhkan banyak tenaga dan waktu walaupun hasil pengupasan sangat bagus. Sedangkan pengupasan kacang tanah dengan menggunakan tongkat membuat kualitas kacang tanah hasil kupasan buruk dengan kapasitas kupasan kacang tanah yang juga kecil. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat mesin pengupas kulit kacang tanah untuk skala industri rumah tangga dan melakukan analisis kinerja serta analisis ekonomi. Metode penelitian dimulai dari identifikasi masalah, penyempurnaan ide rancangan, dilakukan pembuatan alat, uji fungsional, uji kinerja dan terakhir dilakukan analisis ekonomi. Hasil uji kinerja mesin pengupas kulit kacang tanah tipe silinder horizontal diperoleh kapasitas alat 15,22 kg/jam, persentase kacang tidak terkupas 50%, rendemen 33,5%, dan persentase kerusakan hasil 2,15%. Hasil analisis ekonomi teknik diperoleh biaya tetap Rp. 1.654.853,36/tahun, biaya tidak tetap Rp. 27.648,13/jam, biaya pokok Rp. 1.879,48/kg, dan BEP sebanyak 1.732,03 kg/tahun. Mesin ini sangat cocok untuk skala industri rumah tangga karena mempunyai kapasitas 15,22 kg/jam dengan biaya listrik yang kecil sebesar Rp. 272,91/jam.
Microclimate control is increasingly widespread in limited agricultural environments. This is especially important for the cultivation of plants that tolerate significantly different thermal and hygrometric conditions. Nevertheless, there is much to be done in automation and control technology in this area to achieve the best results in both quantitative and qualitative terms of the product. This applies especially to horticultural crops that are sensitive to the cultivation environment and microclimate. This work aims to characterize the microclimate parameters in a confined agricultural environment with perforated ducts for air conditioning supply. For this work, a microclimate control unit was used instead of a lettuce crop. It was placed into a confined agricultural environment at different locations in the space to obtain the main microclimate parameters. After setting the input of the microclimate environment, the instrument measured a series of physical quantities (temperature, radiant temperature, humidity, and air velocity). Tests were carried out by taking the optimum day temperature constant for growing lettuce and by varying the supply airflow rate by setting the fan speed at 30%, 50%, and 80%. The results of these tests are essential for performing real-time control of the microclimate environment and for managing parameters for optimization of the entire system. In addition, the air velocity test showed adequate velocity reduction and good air mixing. The values obtained are generally acceptable for indoor cultivation and the conditions created are suitable for growing plants in such an environment. Light is an essential need for plants so that plants can carry out the photosynthesis process properly. In indoor DWC hydroponics system, the source of UV light is LED lights for plants. Some of the advantages of using LED light include a small light spectrum, less heat production, low power consumption, and wavelengths of 660 m and 450 m that are needed by plants. This research project aims to create a DWC hydroponic system for growing red lettuce in an indoor hydroponics and see the effect of LED grow light on the growth of red lettuce. DWC hydroponics uses AB-Mix nutrients that are channeled through inch PVC pipes using pump power. The hydroponic rack used has a height of 1.7 m and a width of 40 cm and has 3 shelves, where each shelf has 9 nutrient containers. The red lettuce plants in the DWC system were provided with different light treatments by installing shading nets with different percentages of light penetration, namely, 75%, 50%, and 0%. From the results of these treatments, the average yield of red lettuce was 300 grams on the top shelf, 400 grams on the middle shelf, and 600 grams on the bottom shelf.
This research aimed to design a plant fertilizing and watering system that can be controlled and observed through a smartphone and use the solar electric energy source. The results of this study can ease the work of farmers in terms of energy and cost because they allow the fertilizing and watering processes to run automatically. The system is assembled using the following components: 100WP solar module, 30A solar charge controller, deep-cycle battery, Arduino Uno, ESP8266WiFi, DHT11 sensor, soil moisture sensor, and 12V DC electric solenoid valve. This system works in the following way: if the soil moisture sensor reads that the soil is dry and if the air temperature sensor reads that the air is cool, then the microcontroller will order electric faucets to drain water containing fertilizer to the ground until the soil becomes wet. This system is supported by connection to the Internet so it can be controlled and observed from an Android-based smartphone. The calculation conducted in an economic analysis of the system yielded cost principal of Rp47.6/l and BEP for production of 11,389 l/year.
Pengupasan kulit kopi sangat berpengaruh pada kualitas kopi yang dihasilkan. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam pengupasan kopi tradisional adalah waktu dan energi yang digunakan terlalu besar. Alat pengupas kopi berfungsi untuk mengupas atau memisahkan kulit kopi dari biji kopi dan diharapkan bisa membantu petani dalam mengupas hasil dengan maksimal dan efektif. Alat pengupas kopi berkapasitas 200 kg/jam. Hasil analisa ekonomi teknik alat pengupas kopi didapat biaya tetap Rp. 1.179.630/tahun, biaya tidak tetap Rp. 16.069/jam, biaya pokok Rp. 82/kg dan Break Event Point (BEP) 1.567 kg/tahun.
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