Rapidly developing or severe leukopenia during radio(chemo)therapy are indications for an interventional application of G-CSF. The leukocyte level for the start of G-CSF should be chosen so that without G-CSF an interruption of therapy or a level IV leukopenia seems to be unavoidable.
Endoscopic clipping of gastrointestinal tumors helps to define the tumor volumes more precisely in radiation therapy. The clips are easily recognized on the portal films and, thus, contribute to quality control.
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