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Background: Citicoline has emerged as a potential neuroprotectant in experimental models in stroke patients. Citicoline has shown some beneficial effects in human ischaemic stroke and with an excellent safety profile while in haemorrhagic stroke data is limited. Authors conducted this study to test role of citicoline in stroke patients in terms of cognition, memory and post stroke disability.Methods: In this prospective study, patients had to be previously independent, aged >18 years of age, presented within 24 hours of onset of symptoms of stroke diagnosed by neuroimaging (CT or MRI). Patients received either a placebo or 500 mg/12 h citicoline for 12 weeks (orally or intravenously). The primary aim was to evaluate improvement in cognition, memory and post stroke disability after 12 weeks. The efficacy endpoint was the percentage of subjects with MMSE and DRS at 12 weeks.Results: Total 75 stroke patients were enrolled, 40 in control group and 35 in citicoline group were allotted randomly. Patients in citicoline group were given intravenous citicoline 500 mg/12 hour during hospital stay and orally 500 mg/12 hour after discharge for up to 12 weeks. Control Group was given Placebo. cognition, memory and post stroke disability show positive improvement in citicoline group.Conclusions: Citicoline shows beneficial effects in stroke in terms of cognition, memory and post stroke disability.

Background: Cirrhosis is defined anatomically as a diffuse process with fibrosis and nodule formation. It is the result of the fibrogenesis that occurs with chronic liver injury. For reduced liver biosynthesis capacity, low level of serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) is usually observed in the chronic liver disease. Due to the high prevalence of chronic liver disease in our country we have conducted this study to determine role of lipid profile in a patient with cirrhosis and to assess its relationship to the severity of cirrhosis.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients classified in 3 groups as per CTP classification for severity of cirrhosis. Serum lipid profile was observed in these patients. The primary aim was to assess changes in various parameters of lipid profile and its relationship with severity of liver cirrhosis.Results: About 74 cirrhotic patients were enrolled, 20 in class A, 25 in class B and 29 in class C. serum lipid profile was observed in these patients. Serum cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were decreased with increasing severity of cirrhosis. Serum triglyceride level increases with progression of cirrhosis and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) level has no correlation with severity of cirrhosis.Conclusions: Serum cholesterol and HDL level decreases with progression of cirrhosis. In future serum lipid profile can be used in classification criteria for assessing severity of liver cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND Elevated serum uric acid (UA) level strongly reflects and may even cause oxidative stress, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance which are risk factors for progression of liver disease. Hepatic injury is associated with distortion of the metabolic function. Hepatic disease/Cirrhosis of liver can be evaluated by biochemical analysis of serum tests, includes levels of serum alanine and aspartate amino transferases, alkaline phosphatase, and also by uric acid estimation. In chronic liver disease, high serum uric acid is associated with more severe disease. However, there are limited numbers of studies showing the association of uric acid with different parameters of liver dysfunction. METHODS In this study a total of 66 patients of known chronic liver disease of different causes were included. All patients were above 18 years of age. Patients with factors that influence the serum uric acid level were excluded. A thorough history was obtained, and physical examination was done. Various laboratory data including serum uric acid level and liver function test were measured. Using different parameters, Child Turcotte Pugh (CTP) score was calculated for each patient. Using suitable statistical method, data was analysed for any association between serum uric acid level and different causes of chronic liver disease and disease severity using Child Turcotte Pugh (CTP) grading. RESULTS In our study, out of 66 patients suffering from chronic liver disease, 48 (72.7%) were male. Alcohol was the most common cause (69.7%) of CLD followed by chronic hepatitis C (15.2%). A higher serum uric acid level was observed among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (7.04±1.61) and patients with CTP class C (8.26±1.75). CONCLUSIONS From our study, we can conclude that uric acid is higher in patients with NAFLD as hyperuricemia is associated with many risk factors for NAFLD such as obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Serum uric acid is also higher with higher CTP score which is an oxidative marker for liver damage.