Background: Sesbania species are widely used in different agricultural systems providing green manure, forage, firewood, pulp, food, landscape decoration, control of soil erosion and soil improvement. The biomass yield and yield contributing descriptors of Sesbania depend on different physiological traits.
Methods: An experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural University to find out the morphological and physiological variability among four Sesbania genotypes. Sesbania species, viz. S. bispinosa, S. cannabina, S. sesban and S. rostrata, were used as experimental materials. Seeds were sown in 2.5 m × 2.0 m plots to maintain 200 plants m-2 following randomized complete block design with three replications. Seed length and width, 1000-seed weight, germination percentage, vigour index, seedling length and biomass yield parameters were recorded. Different growth data were recorded and physiological descriptors were calculated at every 10 days intervals up to 60 days after sowing (DAS).
Result: The results revealed that the highest value of plant height, number of leaflets pair leaf-1, leaf length and biomass yield were found in S. bispinosa and the lowest in S. sesban at 60 DAS. Sesbania sesban produced higher biomass and studied growth descriptors up to 20 DAS and thereafter declined, however, other three species produced higher biomass and studied growth descriptors from 30 to 60 DAS.
AMF has considerable influence on plant nutrition uptake, competition between the legume (Trifolium incarnatum) and a grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) is influenced by the presence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in this study. AMF has the ability to change the nutrient distribution between plants which may lead to changes in competitive relationships in plant communities. Pot experiments with a replacement design were conducted to test the influence of AMF isolates and a non AMF control on the competitive relationships of those plant pairs. Key consideration for the study was AMF influence on growth of legume and grass plants when grown individually or in combination of two plants and measured by the dry weight of biomass. Results revealed that AMF stimulates the plant growth of legume and negative effect on grass plant; number of root nodules of legume plant has positive effect in monoculture & mixture. While in competition, legume plant increased biomass in absence of AMF but the relative yield of the grass plant decreased or remains equal and AMF affects the competitive relationship between legume and grass plant.
The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of different levels of urea-N fertilizer in addition to ipil-ipil tree litter on yield of rice and insect prevalence. The field study was conducted at the Agroforestry Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during July-December 2004. The treatments included 0, 90, 180, and 270 kg urea per hectare. All four treatments received five tons ipil-ipil tree litter per hectare. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The results showed that the different treatments significantly influenced the yield and yield component viz. total tillers/hill, effective tillers/hill, filled grains and unfilled grains/panicle. The highest yield of 4.62 t·hm -2 with an increase of 21.57% over the control was recorded in treatment 180 kg urea·hm -2 , which was statistically similar to treatment 90 kg urea·hm -2 . The prevalence of insects viz. green leafhopper, brown plant hopper, rice bugs, leaf folder and stem borers were mostly correlated with N-levels. The prevalence of insects in general gradually increased with the increase of N. Therefore, this study suggests that the combined application of organic materials (tree litter of ipil-ipil) and N-fertilizer of 90 kg·hm -2 may produce good yield while minimizing insect prevalence in the rice field.
To find out shading effect of some selected tree species and different orientations on the yield and yield attributes of rice cv BR11 in agro forestry system an experiment was laid out in two factorial, Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Rice was grown in different orientations around the tree of Albida, Akashmoni and Jhau (North, South, East and West orientations), as the orientations were made 1 m apart from the tree base. The effect of tree-rice association was found significant on plant height, effective tillers hill-1 , non-effective tillers hill-1 , effective grains panicle-1 , sterile spikelets panicle-1 , total grain (t ha-1) and straw yield (t ha-1). It was recorded that out of the three tree-rice association, the highest yield (4.88 t ha-1) was found under Albida and the lowest yield (4.70 t ha-1) was found under Akashmoni that was statistically similar with Jhau. The highest (7.10 t ha-1) and lowest (6.80 t ha-1) straw yield were found under Albida and Akashmoni. The highest plant height (105.75 cm), effective tillers hill-1 (11.85), non-effective tillers hill-1 (1.91), effective grains panicle-1 (140.65), and sterile spikelet panicle-1 (29.88) were found under the Albida. Regarding different orientations from the tree base, the plant height, effective tillers hill-1 , noneffective tillers hill-1 , effective grains panicle-1 and grain yield (t ha-1) of rice were significant. The highest grain yield (4.86 t ha-1) of rice was obtained at the north orientation and the lowest grain yield (4.60 t ha-1) of rice was obtained at the west orientation, while significantly highest grain yield (5.00 t ha-1) was found in control. All parameters produced the highest performance in open field compared to tree-rice association in respect of orientation.
A botnical survey was conducted in Kaptai reserve forests under Rangamati district in Bangladesh to study the flora of Karnaphuli range from May 2015 to October 2018. The survey was accompanied by a collection of voucher specimens enumerates 464 plant species belonging to 334 genera under 117 families from the forest range. The survey has confirmed 31 threatened forest species from this area along with many near threatened plant species.
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