The elongation of the cooked grain determines the cooking and eating quality of Basmati rice. The identification of stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs), especially those from non-Basmati types, will extend the genetic basis of the Basmati type and facilitate the breeding of high-quality varieties. A set of recombinant inbred lines derived from an indica x japonica hybrid was used to identify QTLs controlling the elongation ratio (ER), elongation index (EI), and water absorption (WA) of the cooked grain. Three ER QTLs on chromosomes 2, 4, and 12, two EI QTLs on chromosomes 2 and 5, and two WA QTLs on chromosomes 2 and 6 were detected. Four of these QTLs were validated using a set of established chromosome segment substitution lines. The genetic effect of qER-2 was explored in an analysis of segregating generations, using 8 newly developed simple sequence repeat markers. Two tightly linked loci (qER-2a and qER-2b) were identified on chromosome 2.
The high-efficient compact self-Raman frequency conversion in an end-diode-pumped passively Q-switched c-cut Nd:GdVO4 laser has been demonstrated. Two Cr:YAG crystals with initial transmissions of 85% and 91% are used. At an incident pump power of 4 W, an average output power of 410 mW is obtained and the corresponding conversion efficiency is 10.3% with the Cr:YAG having 91% initial transmission. A maximum average output power of 520 mW is achieved at an incident pump power of 6.3 W with the Cr:YAG of 85% initial transmission.
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