A total of 1169 dung samples from domestic ruminants were examined to record the prevalence of paramphistomosis infection. In cattle, the prevalence of infection by direct smear (DS) and sedimentation method (SD) was 17.43% and 31.19%, respectively. In sheep, the prevalence rates were recorded higher than cattle (26.09% and 33.18%). In goats, the prevalence of paramphistomosis was 20.66% and 30.52%. Out of 109 cattle carcasses, 47 were found with flukes in rumen, reticulum and bile duct during slaughterhouse examination (SH). In sheep and goat, the prevalence rates were 42.15% and 40.85%, respectively by SH. Age-wise the highest prevalence was recorded in cattle of 2-4 years (50.0%) by SH. In goats, the prevalence of infection was lower in the age group oflessthan1 year, when compared to their counterparts in sheep. In contrast, the higher prevalence was noticed in >1-2 years old goats (63.27%) than sheep of the same age group (36.85%). Sex-wise, statistically no significant difference was observed between male and female animals. Morphologically identified, Cotylophoron cotylophorum, Paramphistomum cervi, Gastrothylax crumenifer, Fischoederius elongatus and Gigantocotyle spp. In conclusion, an overall prevalence of 24.29%, 32.51% and 42.0% of paramphistomosis infection was recorded in cattle, sheep and goats by DS, SD and SH examinations, respectively.
This project paper explores the various gender discrimination faced by women in their workplace and how it affects the women’s contribution in the society. Questionnaire was issued and collected from 181 female respondents from all sectors. Percentage analysis, t-test, Anova, Friedman rank analysis was the tools used for measuring gender discrimination in the workplace in this project. Satisfaction level, factors affecting women’s employment opportunities had been analysed from this project.
The analysis shows that even though gender discrimination does not take place in every sector of the society it still exists in some part of the society. Not all the women were facing discrimination in their workplace but still some falls victim to gender discrimination which discourages their contribution to society. The result is that gender discrimination decreases satisfaction, motivation, and enthusiasm level of women employees.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.