Groundwater is a vital resource for most developmental activities. Demand for groundwater is increasing due to paucity of surface water and recurrent failures of monsoons. Increasing demand for groundwater causes water level to decline and water quality to deteriorate. This data article is aimed to investigate the quality of drinking water of Obulavaripalli Mandal YSR district based on water quality Index (WQI). To evaluate WQI in the study area, twenty groundwater samples were collected and different physico-chemical parameters viz., pH, EC, TDS, TH, total alkalinity (TA), calcium (Ca 2+ ), magnesium (Mg 2+ ), chloride (Cl − ), sulphate (SO 4 2− ) and fluoride (F ˉ ) were analyzed. WQI data for groundwater samples indicated that 30% of the samples fall under excellent rating, 40% of the samples fall under good category and another 30% of the groundwater is under poor category. Overall groundwater quality is not suitable for drinking purpose.

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The present paper aims at determining the status and trends of groundwater quality by applying water quality index method from 22 villages around Cement industries, Yerraguntla Mandal, Y.S.R District, A. P South India. Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated from fourteen physicochemical parameters like pH, EC, TDS, Total hardness, Total alkalinity, Sodium, potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, chloride, Bromide, nitrate, sulphate and fluoride. The computed WQI values range from 123 to 1121 and water quality varies from poor water to water unsuitable for drinking. Most of the groundwater from this place is not suitable for drinking.

The concentration of trace elements such as As, Ba, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, V, Y, and Zr was studied in soils around Zaheerabad Town, Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India. The soil type in the study area is clayey and lateritic. The application of fertilizers and pesticides for agriculture has contributed to the continuous accumulation of trace elements in soils. The contamination of the soils was assessed by comparing trace element concentration with natural background values for clayey and lateritic soils. Fifty soil samples have been analyzed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The concentration ranges of Cu (76.4-213.1 mg/kg) and Pb (4.2-50.1 mg/kg) are exceeding natural background limit and other trace element concentration like Co (44.4-85.7 mg/kg), Cr (138.8-348.5 mg/ kg), Ni (12-50.1 mg/kg), V (56.3-779.3 mg/kg) and Zn (71.2-133.7 mg/kg) are within permissible limit. The soil contamination was estimated on the basis of Index of geoaccumulation (I geo ), enrichment ratio (ERn) [or enrichment factor (EF)], contamination factor (CF) and degree of contamination (C deg ). The concentration of above-mentioned elements was similar to the levels in the earth's crust pointed to metal depletion in the soil as the EF was \1. Cu and Pb showed high EF in the soil samples indicating that there is a considerable heavy metal pollution, which could be correlated with the agricultural activity in the area. A contamination site poses significant environmental hazards for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. They are important sources of pollution and may result in ecotoxicological effects on terrestrial, groundwater and aquatic ecosystems.

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This data article provides the inventory data on sinkhole occurrences for the first time from Proterozoic Cuddapah Basin, India. Unexpected ground subsidence incidents are taking place with ground breaking sounds and forming in the Cuddapah Basin since 2007 and their frequency increasing from 2015 to 2017 (15 sinkholes over night in and around Buggavanka River). Such incidents are creating panic situations in the general public of this area which was not experienced in this region ever before. It is interesting to note that majority of sinkholes are forming subsequent to heavy rains and sudden recharge, especially in and around Buggavanka and Chitravati River beds. Hence, there is a strong need for the data on the sinkhole occurrences for detailed field investigations in future. Since, sinkhole inventory is a vital and pioneering step in sinkhole hazard analysis, the consistency of sinkhole hazard and vulnerability maps and the efficiency of the mitigation measures chiefly rely on the accuracy, completeness, and fidelity of the sinkhole inventories. Geospatial technologies played a major role in this inventory in terms of data collection, editing and analysis of various thematic maps.

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