In tuberculosis of the posterior element of the spine, MRI is extremely useful in evaluating the extent of involvement and response to therapy of isolated tuberculosis of posterior elements. Involvement of posterior elements due to tuberculosis is not so uncommon.

Our study was prompted by the varied reports in literature about the existence of the popliteofibular ligament as an integral part of the posterolateral corner of the knee. We performed 25 formalinised cadaveric knee dissections and identified the popliteofibular ligament. It was on an average 11.06 (5-16) mm in width and 11.8 (6-16) mm in length. Our study did not include a functional evaluation. We found the ligament to be a constant structure of the posterolateral knee complex, and recommend its repair in acute injuries as well as reconstruction in chronic injuries of the posterolateral corner of the knee. Résumé Notre étude a été motivée par les rapports variés dans la littérature au sujet de l'existence du ligament poplitéo-fibulaire comme une partie intégrante du point d'angle postéro-externe du genou (PAPE). Nous avons exécuté vingt-cinq dissections de genoux cadavériques et avons identifié le ligament Popliteo-Fibulaire dans tous les genoux. Il avait en moyenne une largeur de 11,06 mm (5-16) et un longueur de 11,8 mm (6-16). Notre étude n'a pas inclus d'évaluation fonctionnelle. Nous avons trouvé le ligament pour être une structure constante du PAPE du genou, et recommandons sa réparation dans les lésions fraiches aussi bien que dans les lésions chroniques de cette structure.

Background Operative stabilisation of long segment periarticular, periprosthetic and pathological fractures in humerus is a challenging problem. Methods A total of 18 patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation using the long proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS) plate. The types of fractures treated were long segment periarticular fractures extending into the diaphysis (11 of 18), periprosthetic fractures around humeral resurfacing (five of 18) and pathological fractures (two of 18).This study is a retrospective case series review of these cases with a final follow‐up observation.The mean follow‐up was for 13 months (range 4 months to 48 months). There were 11 women and seven men with a mean age of 52 years (range 19 years to 86 years). Outcomes were assessed using the Constant and Visual Analogue Score. Results There was no incidence of loss of fixation, malunion or avascular necrosis. The mean time to radiological union was 15 weeks (range 9 weeks to 22 weeks). The mean Constant score for posttraumatic fractures at final review was 76/100 (range 64 to 100). The mean Visual Analogue Score was 0.8 (range 0 to 3).The patients with pathological fractures survived for a mean 5 months (4 to 6 months). Conclusion The long PHILOS plate fixation provides reliable secure fixation for the treatment of complex humeral fractures, especially long segment periarticular fractures, segmental fractures involving proximal humerus and shaft, periprosthetic fractures around well‐fixed humeral resurfacing prosthesis and pathological fractures.

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The incidence of nonunion of fractures has been steadily rising owing to improved life expectancy following severe injuries along with rising cases of polytrauma. Once a nonunion is established, the chances of spontaneous healing are deemed to be quite low. Fracture nonunion continues to be a challenge in clinical practice with nonunions having a considerable impact on patient’s quality of life causing both functional and psychosocial disability. Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) therapy is being projected as a viable and non-interventional alternative to surgical management of nonunions and delayed unions. LIPUS therapy is being widely recommended as a standalone treatment option for the treatment of established nonunions and delayed unions as it is believed to promote healing in all phases of fracture healing viz., inflammatory, intramembranous ossification, chondrogenesis, endochondral ossification and remodelling. In the current scenario of varying results and unclear clinical role of LIPUS therapy, we present a prospective case series of fracture nonunions and delayed unions treated with LIPUS therapy at a large District General Hospital.