Introduction: The objective of the study was immunophenotypic and cytogenetic analysis of mesenchymal stem cells from equine bone marrow and foal umbilical cords during in vitro culture. Material and Methods: The mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from equine bone marrow of three horses and from foal umbilical cords of six foals. The cells were cultured in CO2 incubators by standard procedure. Quantitative abnormalities of chromosomes, i.e. aneuploidy and polyploidy, and structural aberrations, i.e. breaks in chromosomes and chromatid, were taken into account during the study. Results: The results of cytogenetic analysis of equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells at the third and fourth passages indicated that the level of karyotype variability of these cells corresponded to the spontaneous level of karyotype variability typical of the peripheral blood lymphocytes of this species. Equine bone marrow contained several clones of stem cells that differed in the expression of specific nuclear markers characteristic of proliferating cells. Conclusion: Mesenchymal stem cells from foal umbilical cords during in vitro cultivation are characterised by quantitative abnormalities of the chromosomal apparatus.

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The wide use of cell technologies in clinical practice requires a large amount of cell material, which has led to improvement in culture conditions, making it possible to obtain more cell material in a shorter period of time. Thus, the purpose of our paper was to study the effects of different concentrations of an insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), a fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2),| a growth hormone (rhGH), and Biolaminin 521 LN (LN 521) on the proliferative activity and genetic stability of stem cell cultures derived from the cat bone marrow, adipose tissue, and myocardium. Cell cultures for the experiment were obtained from the adipose tissue, bone marrow, and myocardium of a cat. Differences were found in the effects of the various growth promoters on the proliferative activity of cells in the culture. The IGF-1 demonstrated a positive effect on the proliferative activity of all cultures. The addition of the rhGH to the bone marrow-derived cell culture increased the size of the cells and decreased the proliferation index relative to the control group. The addition of the growth factors to the culture medium did not significantly increase the number of cells with altered karyotype in any of the cultures relative to the control group.

Laminitis or rheumatic inflammation of the hooves is inflammation of the hoof lamina, in which the connection between the coffin bone and the horny shoe is disrupted as a result of the destruction of the connection between the leaves of the horny wall with the leaves of the base of the hoof skin. The pathogenesis of this disease is quite complex and contradictory. Some authors associate it with the accumulation of biogenic amines in the hoof tissues, while others point to the violation of lamellar microcirculation and the effect of tissue metalloproteinases on the leaves of the horny wall and the base of the hoof skin. Treating horses with laminitis is not an easy task, due to the complex pathogenesis of the disease. Thus, the search for modern treatments of horses with laminitis is an urgent and timely task. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma on the course of chronic laminitis in horses. The object of the study was a castrated stallion of a Ukrainian riding breed, 8 years old, with a clinical manifestation of chronic laminitis with detachment of the hoof wall along the border line on the left forelimb. Materials and methods. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from adipose tissue. A culture of mesenchymal stem cells of adipose tissue in the amount of 12 million cells was injected into the palmar medial digital artery of the injured limb. The introduction was repeated three times, while the cells were suspended in 3 cm3 of phosphate-buffered saline. The third injection of cells was performed in combination with autologous platelet-rich plasma. Results: Active recovery of the hoof wall was observed on the injured forelimb. Coronary fistulas and damage of the hoof joint capsule were healed. The shape of the hoof wall and sole began to normalize. The pulsation of the arteries of the toes has become less pronounced. No corona edema was observed in the area. Conclusion. Under the influence of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich blood plasma, tissue structures of the injured hoof had restored as the clinical and functional state of the injured limb; at the same time, the x-ray picture of the hoof worsens, which is accompanied by irreversible processes in the hoof tissues and its deformation.

Our analysis of macro preparations and microscopic observation of histological sections of uterus have shown that in case of chlamydia or mycoplasma infection even clinically healthy animals have observed changes in the tissues of the uterus in the form of degeneration, hyperplasia and fibrosis. The consequence of chronic inflammation of chlamydia and mycoplasma infections is the thickening of affected mucosal tissue, epithelial metaplasia in multi-flat epithelium, followed by growth of connective scar tissue. This leads to future infertility or acute endometritis when joining secondary microflora. In animals with obstetric and gynecological pathology diagnosed with chlamydia and mycoplasma infections are characterized by proliferative, degenerative and necrotic changes in all layers of the uterus, changes in the form of cystic or chronic lymphocytic endometritis. Chlamydia and mycoplasma infections not only cause inflammatory diseases of the genital organs, but are a pathogenetic factor in the tumors of the uterus. Clinically healthy animals without chlamydia and mycoplasma infections doesn't have pathological changes in the uterus.

Cell culture transplantation is very promising in the treatment of various diseases. Cells obtained from a number of sources have been analysed to provide a basis for further studies in the area of regenerative medicine. The objective of the study was to compare morphological and phenotypic changes in cat adipose tissue and bone marrow cell cultures from the first to fifth passages. Adipose tissue and bone marrow were used to obtain cell cultures (coming from 3 cats) using standard methods with own modification. Phenotype changes were monitored by CD-marker identification and CD pan-keratin. The cytogenetic analysis was performed on 50 metaphase plates of cell cultures from the first to fifth passage. Cytogenetic assays showed that the adipose tissue cell culture (ATCC) at all passages was more stable than the bone marrow cell culture (BMCC).

Authors' Contribution AM and LK planned and executed the project. LK, OM, VD, YK and MG analyzed the results and wrote the manuscript. NB, SV and MM provided technical assistance. LK supervised the whole project.

A constant risk factor of transfusion is microbial contamina on of whole blood and its components. Because using contaminated blood products can lead to sepsis and high risks to the health of recipients. Blood can be a good nutrient medium for microorganisms, so the risk of bacteria growth in any blood component a er it has been donated is significant. Viola on in the rules of asepsis during blood dona on, processing of blood products, damage to blood collec on systems or their ghtness, etc. can cause microbial contamina on.We examined 5 samples of preserved canine packed red blood cells. The donor animals were 5 clinically healthy dogs. Blood was collected in closed systems with a CPDA an coagulant. A er following centrifuging, plasma was separated from red blood cells in different containers. The remaining packed red blood cells were stored at a temperature of +2-6°C for 30 days.The bacteria cul va on method is considered the "gold standard" for assessing the presence of microbial contamina on in most blood transfusion centers. The tested canine packed red blood cells samples were inoculated into thioglycolate and Sabouraud media and incubated in a thermostat at +20-25 °C. The incuba on period was 14 days. According to the results of the bacteriological examina on of these samples of canine packed red blood cells a er their storage, a non-sterile sample was no found.Thereby, the method of blood collec on using closed systems with CPDA an coagulant is reliable and allows obtaining donor blood and its components without loss of sterility during long-term storage.