The article highlights the results of studies on spontaneous clinical cases of bacterial uveitis in dogs, using a slit lamp, sonographic and visual research methods, and after the introduction of mesenchymal stem cells in various ways. These research results make it possible to analyze and further study the effect of mesenchymal stem cells, when administered in various ways in total uveitis, and determine the most effective method in clinical cases in dogs. Chronic total uveitis is an extremely severe late complication of ophthalmic surgery, and leads to slow functional and anatomical death of the eye. The use of antibacterial drugs for the Prevention of infectious complications often smooths out the clinical picture of progressive intraocular inflammation, contributing to an increase in its latent period. All this with particular relevance indicates the need for research as early as possible, and the specifics of the use of stem cells in eye diseases in dogs. Our research on the restoration of eye tissues depends on many factors, on the balance between inflammatory mediators and their antagonists, which activate the synthesis of anti-inflammatory mediators. Also, it depends on the number of mesenchymal stem cells that act as a regulator of proliferation in damaged eye tissues and cause cyto-differentiation during cell regeneration and enhance their own antioxidant properties. It was found that microbial contamination significantly deepens the consequences of damage to tissues and structures of the eye, which lead to acidosis of tissues, changes microcirculation and exit and destruction of cell membranes and prolongation of the inflammatory phase, namely, it determines the course and results of the reparative process. At the same time, we can talk not only about the recovery function of damaged tissue structures with the help of mesenchymal stem cells, but also the effect on the intensity of the inflammatory process, which significantly reduces the time of repair of eye tissues at the level of cells and tissues. The data obtained can be used for new modern methods of treating many pathologies associated with eye tissue damage and the use of mesenchymal stem cells in reparative ophthalmology.

This research aimed to determine the influence of stress of various etiologies in pigs caused by transportation and pre-slaughter conditions on meat quality. For this purpose, pigs were divided into 11 groups within two meat processing enterprises, depending on the duration of transportation (short, long without breaks and long with breaks) and the conditions of keeping animals before slaughter. Also, within the two groups were created two subgroups with pigs of different breeds. A total of 156 pigs were studied. Blood was collected from all pigs to determine cortisol and lactate levels, and a sample of meat from the longest back muscle. The pH of the meat was determined at different stages of its maturation, and the weight loss of the sample was determined. As a result of the research, it was found that the highest quality pork was obtained from pigs that experienced lower levels of stress before slaughter. Keeping pigs for 10 – 14 hours before slaughter without access to water and food resulted in higher stress levels, which were probably expressed in higher blood concentrations of cortisol and lactate. Pigs’ access to food and water during pre-slaughter retention allows for high-quality meat by reducing the influence of stress. Pigs’ access to water before pre-slaughter does not affect the stress level but positively affects the loss of meat weight during maturation. The higher the concentration of lactate in pigs’ blood, the faster the pH of the meat decreases after slaughter, which negatively affects its quality and moisture retention. If there is a long-term transport of pigs, there is no rest stop that can significantly reduce stress levels in pigs. Duration of transportation of pigs does not correlate with stress levels, as the conditions before slaughter content.

As fish are perishable foods, their storage conditions require appropriate sanitary and temperature regimes. The producers commonly use various antibiotics to stop fish’s microbiological and biochemical processes. The current research aimed to examine antibacterial residues in frozen fish (Argentina, flounder, lackerda, mackerel, capelin, salka, saithe, herring, dorado, and pink salmon) to find their influence on the quantitative content of microorganisms and to determine the sensitivity of isolated psychrotrophic bacteria to antibiotics. A total of 75 samples were collected from the fillets of frozen fish species. These fish were imported from Norway (16 samples), Vietnam (24 samples), Russian Federation (8 samples), China (14 samples), New Zealand (2 samples), Italy (2 samples), United States (4 samples), and United Kingdom (5 samples). The obtained results revealed that aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Kanamycin, Spectinomycin, Dihydrostreptomycin, Paromomycin, and Apramycin) were in 45.6 ± 1.4% of frozen fish. The findings indicated the presence of some antibacterial residues (Nalidixic acid, antibiotics: Apramycin, Kanamycin, Tiamulin, and Nafcillin) in frozen fish, the definition of which has not been specified in the EU Regulation. This gives grounds to prohibit the use or develop standards for the maximum permissible concentration of these antibacterial substances in fish. The most common psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from frozen fish without antibacterial residues were highly sensitive to antibiotics, including Penicillin, Tetracycline groups, and Aminoglycosides. Therefore, it can be concluded that the residual levels of various biocides found in fish are a source for the expression of multi-resistance genes, which can be transmitted to consumers in the food chain.

Machine milking is one of the main technological processes in the dairy industry whose efficiency level largely affects cattle breeding in general. The key role, in this case, belongs to milking equipment. The design and use of technical means of milking are associated with certain difficulties related to the imperfection of milk discharge. Therefore, the current study is due to the need to investigate the process of moving the milk mixture in a milking machine. A physical-mathematical model of the process of moving the two-phase milk-air mixture along the milk-conducting line of a milking machine has been built. The mathematical model relates the value of the fluctuating of vacuummetric pressure ΔP, the rate of milk discharge QM, the pulse rate ζ, and the value of working vacuummetric pressure P. It was found that in the milk-conducting system with the upper milk pipeline there is a large fluctuation of vacuummetric pressure ΔP=1.02–4.69 kPa, which exceeds the regulated value (2.5 kPa). In a milk-conducting system with a lower milk pipeline, the vacuummetric pressure fluctuation is ΔP=0.59–1.84 kPa. The patterns of change in the value of working pressure P and the frequency of pulsations ζ in the milking machines of simultaneous and pair action depending on the rate of milk discharge from the udder have been determined. It is established that the maximum deviation of the value of fluctuation of vacuummetric pressure ΔP between the experimental and theoretical data within a predefined range of factors is 0.81 kPa. The correlation coefficient is 0.92, which indicates the adequacy of the constructed models. Owing to this, the task of the rational choice of milking equipment is resolved

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Authors' Contribution AM and LK planned and executed the project. LK, OM, VD, YK and MG analyzed the results and wrote the manuscript. NB, SV and MM provided technical assistance. LK supervised the whole project.

The studies were conducted on 2–3-months-old males of C57BL/6 mice weighing 20–24 g. Obtaining and operating with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) culture was performed in a sterile laminar box under conditions of asepsis and antiseptics. The adipose tissue-derived MSC of the 2, 4, 7 and 12 passages were analyzed. Morphometric analysis was performed using a light microscopy. Morphometric parameters such as cell and nucleus area or nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio were calculated using the Axiovision light microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany) and Image J 1.45 software. Trypan blue dye used for investigation of the viability of MSC. The morphological characteristics of adipose tissue-derived MSC during the process of cultivation changes: at the first passages of cultivation, the cells are spindle-shaped with two, at least three, long cytoplasmic processes, which are located bipolar. Near the nucleus, the Golgi complex is clearly visible – a sign of active cells. At later passages, cells have a small cytoplasmic processes and the bipolar arrangement of processes changes by stellar arrangement. Golgi complex is also clearly visualized. The indicator of the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio in MSC from adipose tissue is significantly reduced at the 7th passage to 0.2189 ± 0.0122 (P < 0.01), and at the 12th passage to 0.1111 ± 0.0086 (P < 0.001) compared to the 2nd passage. The coefficient of proliferation of adipose tissue-derived MSC is significantly reduced at 12th passage. The viability of MSC from adipose tissue with an increasing of a number of passages significantly reduces and at the 12th passage of cultivation reaches 84.67 ± 1.36 (P < 0.05). The content of apoptotic cells that exhibited sensitivity to serum-free cultivation significantly increased at the 7th and 12th passages and was 21.33 ± 1.36 (P < 0.05) and 23.67 ± 0.97% (P < 0.05), respectively.

The studies were conducted on 2-3 months old males of C57BL/6 mice, weighing 20-24 g. Our work aimed at studying the func onal state of the organs of the immune system in mice a er administra on of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells of adipose ssue origin. Obtaining and cul va ng mesenchymal stem cells were carried out in a sterile laminar box with compliance of asepsis and an sep c condi ons.