The KN field in KM cluster is located approximately 200km offshore, at water depths ranging from 59–102m. The field is part of the KM Cluster Integrated Development Plan, where the primary objective for KN field development is to recover the reserve from fringing pinnacle reef carbonate reservoir, expected to be achieved through two deviated 7-inch open-hole monobore subsea wells. KN field is expected to deliver around 200 to 300 MMSCF/day to the LNG plant to help relieve an anticipated gas shortage, as such failure to deliver the target would definitely upset the gas supply. Besides cost savings, the shallow water subsea development concept is part of the company's long-term vision to train its staff with new technologies and prepare them with basic guidelines for future development especially in deepwater. Although this is already considered a norm in other parts of the world, subsea completion is relatively a new experience in the company operation. The open-hole sections were drilled using Potassium/Sodium formate fluids with calcium carbonate as weighting and bridging agent and later the wells were completed with Cessium formate. Based on extensive laboratory test, it was found that this formate fluids allow for thin mud filter cake that can be remove effectively with differential pressure alone, excluding the need for filter cake breaker. High rate acidizing was planned as contingency should the wells failed to deliver the targeted well deliverabilities. Based on transient simulation using OLGA, high rate clean-up were planned to ensure effective filter cake break-up, removing debris and confirming the technical potential of the wells. With high rate, the duration of well clean-up is shorter and effective thus saving rig time. This paper details the planning and execution towards achieving the successful project of KN field, the 1st subsea development in the company
The KM field is part of the KM cluster development project, which plans to deliver 100 MMscf/D of gas to liquefied natural gas (LNG) from five horizontal wells. Four of the wells were completed with 4 1/2-in. production tubing using horizontal openhole gravel packs (HZOHGPs) as sand control, which was the first application of this technology for the operating company. Based on geomechanical modeling, the KM field is an unconsolidated clastic gas reservoir that requires active sand control. The particle size distribution (PSD) suggests that the KM clastic formation is a poorly sorted sand with a high uniformity coefficient and very high fines content; thus, justifying the need to use a gravel pack completion rather than a screen-only completion. The conventional internal gravel packed (IGP) technique has been widely applied because it provides a reliable means of abating sand production. However, it does not provide the same productivity as a HZOHGP. IGP is also highly prone to increasing skin throughout the production life of the well. Nodal analysis indicates that HZOHGP would give the highest production index (PI) with low production drawdown compared to a cased-hole gravel pack completion, in addition to potential cost savings realized from the elimination of the casing, cementation of the casing, and perforation of the casing. Running a screen in conditioned, solids-free mud, avoiding premature bridging during the job execution, proper removal of the mud filter cake, and limiting flow to below critical drawdown pressure (CDP) play important roles in the successful implementation of a HZOHGP completion in the KM field. This paper describes the planning of the first openhole gravel pack installation for an unconsolidated gas formation while highlighting the risk assessment, the lessons learned, and the excellent production performances achieved. Use of OLGA® transient simulators for estimating drawdown during well cleanup is also briefly discussed.
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