The KN field in KM cluster is located approximately 200km offshore, at water depths ranging from 59–102m. The field is part of the KM Cluster Integrated Development Plan, where the primary objective for KN field development is to recover the reserve from fringing pinnacle reef carbonate reservoir, expected to be achieved through two deviated 7-inch open-hole monobore subsea wells. KN field is expected to deliver around 200 to 300 MMSCF/day to the LNG plant to help relieve an anticipated gas shortage, as such failure to deliver the target would definitely upset the gas supply. Besides cost savings, the shallow water subsea development concept is part of the company's long-term vision to train its staff with new technologies and prepare them with basic guidelines for future development especially in deepwater. Although this is already considered a norm in other parts of the world, subsea completion is relatively a new experience in the company operation. The open-hole sections were drilled using Potassium/Sodium formate fluids with calcium carbonate as weighting and bridging agent and later the wells were completed with Cessium formate. Based on extensive laboratory test, it was found that this formate fluids allow for thin mud filter cake that can be remove effectively with differential pressure alone, excluding the need for filter cake breaker. High rate acidizing was planned as contingency should the wells failed to deliver the targeted well deliverabilities. Based on transient simulation using OLGA, high rate clean-up were planned to ensure effective filter cake break-up, removing debris and confirming the technical potential of the wells. With high rate, the duration of well clean-up is shorter and effective thus saving rig time. This paper details the planning and execution towards achieving the successful project of KN field, the 1st subsea development in the company
The "M" field is located offshore East Malaysia, with a major lateral fault separating the field into North and South. The south area main reservoirs are I, K and L with strong water drive and highly unconsolidated formations. These reservoirs contain approximately 200 MMSTB STOIIP with a current recovery factor of 24%. The major challenges in this field are (1) high well deviation, (2) sand production and (3) early water break-through. In order to dynamically mitigate these challenges, a pilot well with intelligent well technology was considered for one of the new highly deviated infill wells which targeted 3 producing zones. A combination of cased-hole gravel-packing and open- hole stand-alone screens (SAS) was installed at the reservoir sections. This Intelligent Completion IC system is equipped with innovative multi-drop hydraulic modules. The first IC system, successfully installed 2 years ago in 2 wells of an offset field pilot, has had a significant impact on production to date. These systems used the conventional control line configuration of an N+1 system, where N = the number of zones to be completed. However, the newly installed IC system provides an engineering solution to reduce the required number of control lines from 4 to only 2 to control 3 zones, i.e. an N-1 control line configuration. This innovative solution was essential to the project to avoid modifications to the wellhead due to the short lead-time before the installation. This solution also reduced the installation time compared to the first edition of the IC system. This paper highlights the screening process for candidate selection and the successful installation of IC system in multi stack reservoirs with gravel pack assembly and also the lessons learned from the full collaboration between the project team and service provider.
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Cleanup operations of gas wells are conducted when the well is kicked off and tested the first time. During cleanup, the drilling and completion fluids come out of the well along with the produced gas and associated liquids. The phenomena is transient in nature and minimum gas rate and time required for cleanup are key questions to be answered before embarking on the cleanup and subsequent well test operation. The knowledge of minimum gas rate and time required for cleanup can assist the engineer in deciding the well test package and make best use of the available time. In the current study, transient simulations of cleanup and MRT of three horizontal gas wells are conducted using a commercial multiphase transient simulator. Before the actual cleanup operations, simulations were conducted to estimate the cleanup time and to arrive at optimum beanup procedure to achieve best cleanup for a maximum gas rate constraint of 60 MMscf/D which is dictated by the size of well test package. After the cleanup and MRT operations were conducted, the operational data was used to tune the model. It was observed that the predicted temporal variations of gas rate and gauge temperature and pressure from the tuned model were in very good agreement with the measured values. The tuned model was then used to ascertain the degree of cleanup achieved from the actual cleanup and MRT operations and the model predictions showed that except the last 60 metres from the toe, the wells were completely cleaned of completion fluid. The poor cleanup in the last 60 metres was possibly because of 60 MMscf/D gas rate limit imposed by the size of well test package or resulting from poor contribution from the near-toe area. The study brings forth the significance of dynamic simulations in predicting and history matching gas well clean up operations and how dynamic simulations can provide an insight into the pressure and flow transients during cleanup. The knowledge gained from dynamic simulations can assist the engineer in deciding the well test package for gas wells to be cleaned up and in quantifying the cleanup achieved from an already conducted cleanup operation.
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