The first results are hopeful, but the number of the patients was small, so we are enlarging the enrollment in the expectation of corroborating our results soon.

Although cardiovascular malformations are common in patients with Turner syndrome, dissecting thoracic aortic aneurysm is unusual. Stent-graft repair would appear to be feasible in this situation, but long-term implantation in young patients has not been explored.

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Adult patients with transposition of great vessels are often candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Cardiac vein anatomy is of crucial importance in planning optimal CRT therapy. Cardiac veins are very variable. In congenitally corrected transposition of great vessels coronary arteries have an unusual course but coronary veins although much less studied have much more varieties. In such cases cardiac computed tomography (CT) might offer important information prior to electrophysiological procedures. The objective of this study is to present a series of patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) both congenitally corrected TGA and D TGA in which imaging was used to help planning placement of leads for CRT. CT findings are thoroughly described as well as the consequent interventional procedure.

Purpose: Renal arterial anatomy has a great clinical importance during surgical and endovascular procedures. However, comprehensive data on the renal arterial variations in the Bulgarian population has not yet been provided. The aim of this study was to conduct detailed research about the normal anatomy and variations of the renal arteries in the Bulgarian population. Methods: Five hundred sixty one patients underwent contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography scans for the period 2016-2021. The images were retrospectively reviewed. Number, branching pattern, origin level and course of the renal arteries were noted. Data was categorized on the basis of laterality, gender and symmetry.Results: Only 46.3% of the patients exhibited normal renal arterial anatomy. Variations were observed in 301 patients (53.7%). The most common variant was the presence of accessory renal arteries (ARA), discovered in 41.2% of the subjects. There was no signi cant difference based on gender and laterality (p>0.05). Hilar ARA (72.6%) were signi cantly more common than polar ARA (p<0.001). The most common origin location of main renal arteries and ARA was the aorta, followed by the common iliac arteries. Early division was observed in 21.7% of the patients, signi cantly more common on the right. Precaval course was found in 0.5% of the right main renal arteries and in 30% of ARA and the difference was signi cant (p<0.001).Conclusion: These results show novel insight into the prevalence of renal arterial variations in Bulgarian population. Anatomic renal vasculature variants are common therefore awareness is crucial for the success of surgical and interventional procedures.

Purpose: Renal arterial anatomy has a great clinical importance during surgical and endovascular procedures. However, comprehensive data on the renal arterial variations in the Bulgarian population has not yet been provided. The aim of this study was to conduct detailed research about the normal anatomy and variations of the renal arteries in the Bulgarian population. Methods: Five hundred sixty one patients underwent contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography scans for the period 2016-2021. The images were retrospectively reviewed. Number, branching pattern, origin level and course of the renal arteries were noted. Data was categorized on the basis of laterality, gender and symmetry. Results: Only 46.3% of the patients exhibited normal renal arterial anatomy. Variations were observed in 301 patients (53.7%). The most common variant was the presence of accessory renal arteries (ARA), discovered in 41.2% of the subjects. There was no significant difference based on gender and laterality (p>0.05). Hilar ARA (72.6%) were significantly more common than polar ARA (p<0.001). The most common origin location of main renal arteries and ARA was the aorta, followed by the common iliac arteries. Early division was observed in 21.7% of the patients, significantly more common on the right. Precaval course was found in 0.5% of the right main renal arteries and in 30% of ARA and the difference was significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: These results show novel insight into the prevalence of renal arterial variations in Bulgarian population. Anatomic renal vasculature variants are common therefore awareness is crucial for the success of surgical and interventional procedures.