No abstract

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease in tropical and subtropical countries worldwide. Dengue disease is caused by four structurally similar but serologically distinct dengue virus serotypes (DENV1~4) [1][2][3]. Humans are the only known hosts of DENVs and the dengue disease spectra range from undifferentiated fever to severe hemorrhagic fever. Although the vast majority of people infected with DENVs remain asymptomatic, dengue is preliminary characterized by typical dengue fever, and in severe cases, DENV infection may result dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) [4]. The severe dengue, DHF, and DSS include leakage of vascular fluids, hemorrhagic manifestation, and shock accompanied by thrombocytopenia and abundant complement activation [5], and under such conditions, the patients need immediate hospitalization.The RNA genome of DENVs encodes only 10 proteins: The capsid protein (C-protein), pre-membrane protein (prM-protein), envelope protein (E-protein), and seven non-structural proteins (NS-protein) [6].