An efficient protocol was developed for in vitro propagation of Abrus precatorius L. through induction of indirect organogenesis in nodal segment derived callus tissue. Yellowish-green nodular callus was induced at the cut surface of the nodal segments cultured on MS fortified with 5.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA. The callus differentiated into adventitious shoots when it was subcultured on to MS supplemented with 3.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l Kn + 0.5 mg/l NAA. On an average 6.87 ± 0.26 shoots/culture developed. These microshoots were rooted in half-strength MS containing 1.0 mg/l IBA and the rooted plantlets were transferred to soil after proper acclimatization.
Purposes: Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease, is a global public health burden affecting millions of people each year and over 40% of world populations are at risk of dengue. Therefore, prompt and accurate dengue diagnosis is inevitable for disease surveillance and for aiding disease management. In this study we report dengue virus (DENV) seroprevalence in Chittagong, Bangladesh along with clinical manifestation of dengue infections.
Methods: All samples included in this study were selected based on dengue NS1-based diagnosis, clinical sign and symptoms were judged by expert clinical physicians and infecting DENV serotyping was done by RT-PCR. The blood cells (Platelet, Haematocrit, WBC etc) were analyzed using Haematology cell counter.
Results: First, among the 112 DENV infected serum samples tested by RT-PCR, 42 were DENV positive where 76% samples had single DENV serotype infection and 24% were concurrently infected with two or more DENV serotypes, indicating that all four DENVs were present in a single dengue session in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Then, DENV4 was the most prevailed serotype, followed by DENV2, DENV1 and DENV3 in single DENV serotype infections. However, in almost 90% cases of concurrent multiple DENV infections DENV1 serotype was present. A detail analysis of clinical data clearly indicated that DENV1 and DENV2 resulted very similar patterns of clinical symptoms which were quite different from those caused by DENV3 and DENV4. For example, ache and pain were absent in DENV3 infection and diarrhea was absent in DENV4 infections. Furthermore, DENV3, both in single and concurrent multiple DENV infections, might increase dengue disease severity as observed highly reduced platelet counts along with increased WBC in patients infected with DENV3 serotype.
Conclusion: All four DENV serotypes, both as single and concurrent multiple DENV infections, were present in single dengue session in Bangladesh. Despite having very similar sequences and structures all four DENVs might produce different disease spectra, ranging from classical dengue fever to dengue hemorrhagic fever. Concurrent multiple DENV infections could contribute increased dengue disease severity in dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh.
Bioresearch Commu. 8(1): 1042-1048, 2022 (January)
Multiple shoots were induced on MS fortified with 2.0 mg/l BAP and 0.2 mg/l NAA within 30 days of culture. Maximum (93%) explants produced multiple shoots with an average 12 shoots per culture after two successive subcultures at 14 days interval in the same medium. Cent per cent rooting was achieved in half strength of MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IBA. Following 21 days in vitro rooting period and seven days of ex vitro acclimatization, plantlets were successfully established in natural condition. The survival rate of regenerated plants was 90 per cent.
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