1 Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Nišu, Departman za geografiju, Niš, Srbija 2 Srednja škola ĐorĎe Andrejević Kun, Kruševac SažetakIntenzivan proces demografskih promena na teritoriji Grada Niša počeo je u drugoj polovini XX veka. Socio-ekonomski razvoj ove teritorije uslovio je povećanje broja stanovnika. Dok je gradski centar demografski jačao, urbani periferni delovi opštine su stagnirali ili veoma malo uvećavali svoj demografski saldo. Uporedo sa porastom broja stanovnika odvijao se proces povećanja broja domaćinstava koja su imala sve manji broj članova. Starenje stanovništva je poseban problem koji u velikoj meri utiče na privredni razvoj. Tokom poslednje decenije XX veka ovaj kraj je prošao kroz fazu tranzicije, kada je ugašen veliki broj industrijskih giganata. Kao posledica javile su se promene ekonomske strukture stanovništva.Ključne reči: demografske promene, Grad Niš, starenje stanovništva. UvodDemografske promene u Srbiji tokom druge polovine XX i na početku XXI veka dovele su do negativnog trenda razvoja. Negativnim promenama izloženi su svi delovi Srbije. Statistički podaci ukazuju da su promene najizrazitije na prostoru istočne i južne Srbije. Dosadašnji trend promena pokazao je da se broj stanovnika smanjuje, menja se starosna struktura i obrazac porodice i domaćinstava. U pogledu promena naročito je karakteristična starosna struktura. Istočna i južna Srbija su, prema ovom pokazatelju, najstarije u Srbiji i prema podacima popisa iz 2011. godine čak 25% od ukupnog stanovništva je starije od 60 godina.Grad Niš je, kao regionalni centar istočne i južne Srbije, tokom pomenutog perioda takoĎe bio zavhaćen negativnim promenama. Rezultati prethodnih istraživanja ovog prostora pokazala su da su gotovo sve demografske strukture promenjene. Društveno-ekonomski razvoj, tokom druge polovine XX i na početku XXI veka, na teritoriji grada Niša uslovio je formiranje odreĎenih funkcija koje su se reflektovale na ukupnu demografsku i regionalnu strukturu datog prostora. U geoprostoru Niša, u periodu sekundarne urbanizacije, došlo je do koncentracije stanovništva i funkcija. U mreži naselja posmatrane teritorije, Niš se tokom ovog perioda izdvojio kao: centar u prostornoj organizaciji proizvodnje, organizacije, razmene i pružanja usluga, s jedne strane, i organizacije društveno-ekonomskog života stanovništva u mreži naselja, sa druge strane; kao centar u kome su koncentrisane privredne i vanprivredne funkcije, pa se grad svojim funkcionalnim kapacitetom pojavljuje kao faktor ukupne organizacije prostora i stanovništva. Prema tome, Niš se izdvojio kao jezgro društveno-ekonomskog razvoja. Ovakav prostorno-funkcionalni razvoj doveo je do promena u svim demografskim strukturama teritorije grada. Naselja u neposrednom okruženju gube svoj funkcionalni kapacitet i stagniraju u svim elemntima razvoja (demografskom, ekonomskom, itd.).
This article focuses on the problem of population aging in the municipality of Bela Palanka typical for the most prominent demographic problems in the territory of the Republic of Serbia and characteristically marked by an unfavorable age structure. The authors tried to determine both spatial and temporal dimensions of the population aging process of the aforementioned municipality.
In 2005, the World Health Organization -European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (WHO-EORTC) classified cutaneous B-cell lymphomas into 4 categories: primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (PCMZL), primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL), primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL-LT), and primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, other (PCDLBCL-O). The absence of evident extra-cutaneous disease is a necessary condition for the diagnosis of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas, because they have a completely different clinical behavior and prognosis from their nodal counterparts. PCDLBCL-O basically represents a morphological variation, lacking the typical features of PCDLBCL-LT, neither confirming the definition of PCFCCL, but on the clinical ground, its behavior seems at least to partially overlap the indolent course of PCFCCL. In fact, the present WHO lymphoma classification from 2008 overcame the previous WHO-EORTC classification, including at least a part of PCDLBCL-O within the spectrum of PCFCCL. However, owing to the rarity and heterogeneity of the PCDLBCL-O, the precise clinicopathological characteristics have not been well characterized and the optimal treatment for this group of lymphomas is yet to be defined. Nevertheless, dermatologists and pathologists should be aware of this entity in order to avoid unnecessary aggressive treatment. We present a case of a 46-year-old Caucasian male with one large round-shaped tumor and a few scattered nodules localized on the back. The histopathological features of the lesion corresponded to PCDLBCL-O. The patient follow-up showed that he was disease-free three months after surgical excision of the lesions and adjuvant local radiotherapy. No additional therapy was introduced, including chemotherapy with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride, oncovin, prednisolone (R-CHOP).
Porokeratosis belongs to a group of disorders of keratinization that are characterized by the histopathological feature of the cornoid lamella, a column of tightly fitted parakeratotic cells. The etiology of porokeratosis is still unclear. Different variants of porokeratosis (PK) have been subsequently recognized, each with its own specific properties in terms of morphology, distribution and clinical course. Linear porokeratosis is one of the variants of porokeratosis, a rare disorder of keratinization that may develop into several epidermal malignancies, squamous cell carcinoma being the most frequent among all of them. Thus, a clinical surveillance for malignancy is an imperative. We present a case of a 54-year-old man with non-healing ulcer of the lower leg caused by squamous cell carcinoma arising on long-standing linear porokeratosis. The treatment included wide excision of tumor with the reconstruction of the area. Acitretin was prescribed for linear porokeratosis treatment. The follow-up of our patient so far has shown that he does not have new malignant lesions after surgical excision.
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