In 1993 we observed the sensitivity of wheat powdery mildew populations (Erysiphe graminis DC f.sp. tritici Marchal) from the Czech Republic, Austria, Hungary and Slovakia to the fungicides triadimenol, tebuconazole, propiconazole, flutriafol and fenpropimorph. The highest resistance value was shown to triadimenol, which attained a mean resistance factor (MRF) of 29 (expressing how many times the population is more resistant than are standard sensitive isolates) in the mildew population from the Czech Republic. The mildew populations from eastern Slovakia and eastern Hungary, populations geographically isolated from the other populations, showed very high sensitivity to all fungicides tested. There was most sensitivity to fenpropimorph (smallest MRF values) compared with the other fungicides. Cross‐resistance was established among all triazoles used, but not between triazoles and fenpropimorph. Sensitivity of wheat powdery mildew populations from Central Europe to these fungicides is considered adequate, and the development of resistance has shown a decreasing tendency in recent years.
AbstractŠVEC M., SZUNICS L., MIKLOVIČOVÁ M., SLOVÁKOVÁ T., TISOVÁ V., HAUPTVOGEL P. (2002): Identification of genes for resistance to wheat powdery mildew in Hungarian, Polish and Slovak wheat cultivars. Plant Protect. Sci., 38: 64-72.The objective of the study was to identify genes for resistance to powdery mildew in wheat cultivars and land races from Poland, Slovakia and Hungary. The presence and distribution of resistance genes was compared to powdery mildew virulence structure in these countries. The different strategies in breeding for resistance were expressed in a different distribution of resistance genes, especially among Polish and Hungarian cultivars. In 20 of the 29 Hungarian common wheat cultivars the resistance gene Pm8 was found. Of the 32 Polish cultivars investigated, 16 possess a combination of genes Pm2+6. Resistance gene Pm4b did not occur in any Hungarian cultivar tested, and resistance gene pm5 was not detected in any Polish cultivar. Virulence in wheat powdery mildew populations was influenced by differences in distribution of resistance genes in host genotypes. The most significant difference was found between Polish and Hungarian powdery mildew populations. The two populations differed mainly in virulence against Pm2. Resistance gene MlAr was detected in three old Slovak cultivars.
Al~racl. The insecticide pyrethroid II, representing synthetic pyrethroids of the second generation, was not found to be mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA100, TA1538, TA98 and TA97. High concentrations of the tested insecticide inhibited the germination and length of roots of germinating seeds, the height of plants cultivated in vitro, and slightly increased the frequency of aberrant anaphases and telophase in root-tips of Vicja faba and Hordeum vulgate.
The application of a chemical mutagen, N‐nitroso‐N‐ethylurea, to the grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. ‘Viginta’, provided a mutant line,‘NT‐10′, with an altered composition of high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits. The qualitative mutation was detected in the Glu‐B1 locus by electrophoretic analyses of glutenins. Instead of the HMW glutenin subunits 7 + 9 present in the original genotype, a separate HMW subunit 6 was expressed in the mutant line. The other glutenin and gliadin proteins of the mutant line remained unchanged. The mutant line is also characterized by several changes in morphological and physiological characters—stronger stem, wider leaf, bigger spike and higher grain hardness. This is the first communication of the possibility of changing the composition of high molecular weight subunits of wheat glutenin by means of mutagenesis.
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