The presence of latently infected, resting CD4

Sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for 12 weeks may be effective in previously untreated patients with HCV genotype 1, 2, or 3 infection. (Funded by Pharmasset and Gilead Sciences; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01260350.).

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Intravenous palivizumab (15 mg/kg) was investigated in 2 phase 1 studies among recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCTs). Study 1 included 6 HSCT patients without active respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Study 2 included 15 HSCT patients with RSV upper respiratory tract infection (URTI; n=3) or RSV interstitial pneumonia (IP; n=12), all of whom also received aerosolized ribavirin. Peak serum concentrations of palivizumab in the 2 studies were similar. The mean serum half-life was 22.4 days in study 1, which mainly included autologous HSCT recipients, and 10.7 days in study 2, which mainly included allogeneic HSCT recipients. No antibodies to palivizumab were detected in study 1. No adverse events were attributed to palivizumab in the 2 studies. In study 2, all 3 patients with RSV URTI recovered without progression to lower respiratory tract disease, and 10 (83%) of the 12 patients with RSV IP survived the 28-day study period. Thus, palivizumab appears to be safe and well tolerated in HSCT recipients.

T-cell responses were evaluated prospectively in 41 patients with acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection (30 untreated and 11 receiving zidovudine, lamivudine, and indinavir) and in 38 uninfected adults. By 6-12 months, treated patients had significantly greater median Candida and tetanus lymphoproliferative responses (stimulation index [SI], 76 and 55, respectively) than did untreated patients (SI, 7 and 6, P=.02 and.001, respectively), and the responses of treated patients surpassed those of uninfected adults (SI, 19 and 32, P= .002 and .101, respectively). Unlike the patients in the untreated group, the patients in the treated group mounted a 6-fold increased HIV-1 p24 response (SI increase, 1.0 to 5.7, P= .01) within 3 months. HIV-1-specific cytotoxicity remained detectable in most treated patients. Thus, combination therapy administered within 3-4 months of infection was associated with improved T-cell memory responses that were distinct from those of untreated patients. The amplified HIV-1-specific T-cell responses may help maintain cytotoxic activities.