Ordered double perovskite La2FeCrO6 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via the citrate auto-combustion technique. The prepared sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and Raman spectroscopy, which confirmed the double perovskite structure of the studied sample. XRD illustrated that the investigated sample has an orthorhombic structure with an average crystallite size of 25.3 nm. La2FeCrO6 NPs exhibit a porous structure and spongy morphology, as determined through analyses using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The studied sample exhibits anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) behavior with weak ferromagnetic (FM) components, as an example of d5(Fe3+)–d3(Cr3+) systems. The AFM behavior is caused by the super-exchange interaction between [Fe3+(d5)–O–Cr3+(d3)], according to the Kanamori–Goodenough (KG) rule. This behavior is induced by the pdπ hybridization between the eg orbital of the transition metal and the pσ orbital of the oxygen, while the one induced by the pdσ hybridization is FM. The number of excited-state configurations mediated by the pdπ hybridization in the Fe–Cr pair is greater than that mediated by pdσ hybridization. Pb(II) heavy metal ions are used in adsorption studies. The electrostatic nature of the bonding between Pb(II) and the La2FeCrO6 nano ferrite sample is thought to be the main cause of the observed high sorption of La2FeCrO6 to a Pb(II) ion. La2FeCrO6 has a favorable morphology, which bodes well for its prospective applications in Li-ion batteries, water purification, and gas sensors.
A humidity sensor plays a crucial role in determining the efficiency of materials and the precision of apparatuses. To measure and control humidity, a non-stoichiometric Li1.1Co0.3Fe2.1O4 mesopore sensor is synthesized by a modified citrate auto combustion technique. The XRD study confirms that prepared nanoparticles are cubic spinel structures having an Fd3m space group. The crystallite size is approximately 36 nm. Thermal analysis measurements show that samples become thermally stable at a temperature of 600 °C. Additionally, the kinetic studies of the prepared samples are calculated via a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The temperature dependence of AC conductivity is found to increase with increasing temperature. These observations are explained in various models. The resistivity mechanism of humidity sensors is studied via complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS). Its impedance data are fitted to a corresponding circuit, to achieve a simulation of the sample under study. This fitting is detected by the Nyquist plot (Cole–Cole). The obtained data confirm that the studied samples are very sensitive to humidity and can be commercially used as a humidity sensing element. Graphical abstract
Humidity sensor plays a crucial role in determining the efficiency of materials and the precision of apparatuses. To measure and control humidity, a non-stoichiometric Li1.1Co0.3Fe2.1O4 mesopores sensor is synthesized by a modified citrate auto combustion technique. The XRD study confirms that prepared nanoparticles are cubic spinel structures having Fd3m space group. The crystallite size is approximate 36 nm. Thermal analyses measurements confirm that the samples become thermally stable starting from 600 °C. Additionally, the kinetic studies of the prepared samples are calculated via a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The temperature dependence of AC conductivity is found to increase with increasing the temperature. These observations are explained in various models. The resistivity mechanism of humidity sensors is studied via Complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS). Its impedance data is fitting to a corresponding circuit, to achieve a simulation of the sample under study. This fitting is detected by the Nyquist plot (Cole-Cole). The obtained data confirms that the studied samples are very sensitive to humidity and can be commercially used as a humidity sensing element.
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