Partial dietary fish meal replacement with cotton seed meal and supplementation with exogenous protease alters growth, feed performance, haematological indices and associated gene expression markers (GH, IGF-I) for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
This study was conducted in a four-year rabbit project that aimed to develop a synthetic line named Moshtohor (M) by crossing Sinai Gabali breed (G) with the Spanish V-line (V). The G, V, F(1) (G x V), F(2) (G x V)(2) and M line were analysed. Traits of doe body weight at delivery (DBW), litter size at birth (LSB) and at weaning (LSW), milk production during the first, second, third and fourth week of lactation and total milk yield (TMY) were recorded. Data were analysed using a repeatability uni-trait animal model to estimate the genetic parameters and estimable functions of genetic group effects. Based on them and the matrix of their variance-covariance, the crossbreeding parameters were also estimated. Estimates of heritabilities for all the studied traits were low ranging from 0.06 to 0.11 for DBW, LSB and LSW and from 0.0 to 0.06 for milk production traits. Permanent environmental effects were very low ranging from 0.0 to 0.10 for all the traits, except for DBW (0.41). Least square means of V line were superior (p < 0.05) in DBW (3253 versus 3037 g) and LSB (6.71 versus 6.28 young) relative to G breed. M line had superiority in LSB (6.94 young) compared with G breed. M line and G breed were better than V line for milk production traits (3415 and 3236 versus 2893 g for TMY). Significant effects of direct additive were observed for most traits studied (ranged from -6.8 to 20.7%). Effects of individual heterosis for most milk production traits were significant and ranged from 2.1 to 13.9%, but they were not significant for DBW, LSB and LSW. On the opposite side, effects of maternal heterosis for all the traits were not significant.
Indigenous chicken breeds in developing countries have diverse benefits to rural economy as a source of high‐quality animal protein. However, there are few reports on the evaluation of economic traits in Egyptian indigenous breeds. Hence, this study aimed to investigate growth performance, carcass characteristics, body measurements and meat quality traits in two indigenous breeds of chickens (Benha line and Golden Montazah) versus Rhode Island Red as a reference worldwide breed. Besides, a time series expression profile of somatotropic axis genes including GH and IGF‐1 and their plasma level concentrations were investigated. Benha line chickens (BL) revealed the highest improved estimates of growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits. In the same manner, it displayed the highest levels of hepatic GH and IGF‐1 and muscle IGF‐1 gene expression compared to Rhode Island Red (RIR) and Golden Montazah (GM) chickens. Accordingly, BL exhibited the highest levels of plasma IGF‐1 and the lowest levels of plasma GH. This result suggests the direct association between growth performance, carcass characteristics and levels of IGF‐1 gene expression in the selected chicken breeds. BL is a superior Egyptian genotype with candidate productive traits and competing characteristics, it could be used widely as a proven ancestor of commercial hybrid breeds.
A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary probiotic, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus acidophilus at a concentration of (10 8 cfu/ml).Three isonitrogenous (300 g CP kg -1 dry matter, DM) and isocaloric (3500Kcal metabolizable energy kg -1 DM) diets were formulated and probiotics was supplemented in the experimental diets. Fingerlings averaging 2.80±0.05g were randomly distributed into 18 glass aquaria (160 liter) and each aquarium holding 15 fish and randomly assigned to one of six replicates of the diets and offered feed at a daily rate of 5% of the total fish biomass. After 12 weeks, fish fed the diets supplemented with the two probiotics showed significantly better final weight, body length, specific growth rate, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio than those fed the control diet. The highest red blood cells count (RBCs), Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrite (Hct), and the lowest mortality rate were recorded for fish fed the diet supplemented with S. cerevisiae supplemented compared to the other two groups. Fish fed the diet supplemented with S. Cerevisiae followed by L. acidophilus recorded the lowest (P<0.001) serum transaminase enzymes (alanine transaminase, ALT and aspartate transaminase, AST). Fish fed S. cerevisiae and L. acidophilus supplemented diets showed the lowest significant (P<0.001) count of microbial content in surface and muscles of Nile tilapia.
ABSTRACT:Data from 662 litters and 221 samples (two replicates per each sample) of rabbit milk were collected from three different genetic groups [Gabali (G), V-line (V) and G×V (F 1 )] to study the effect of line and of some non-genetic factors affecting production and milk composition traits. The studied traits were: number born alive (LSBA); litter size at weaning (LSW); litter weight born alive (LWBA); litter weight at weaning (LWW); total milk yield (TMY) and protein, fat, total solids (TS), ash, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) milk content. The genetic group effect was significant for LSBA [V (7.3) and F 1 (7.3) were superior to G (6.6)); LWBA (higher values for V (416 g) and F 1 (405 g) than for G (382 g)]; TMY [G (3497 g) and F 1 (3486 g) higher than V (3042 g)]; milk fat [F 1 (26%) and G (25%) superior to V (23%)] and milkTS [F 1 (42%) superior to G (40%) and V (39%)]. The estimates of the heterosis effect ranged between 1.6% and 12.8% for production and milk gross chemical traits, being significant only for milk fat content (9.1%). The positive values of the heterosis estimates for those traits and the complementarity between the G breed and the V line, the G superior in milk related traits but the V superior in prolificacy, show the interest of their cross and of the synthetic lines derived from them. The heterosis was non-significant for milk mineral content traits. The parity effects were significant for LSBA, fat, TS, ash and K (the maxima were reached at 6 th or 5 th parity). The effect of week of lactation was significant for fat, ash and TS, corresponding the maximum values of fat and TS to the 3 rd and 4 th week. The year-season or the year-month effects were significant for all traits showing the importance of including these time-period factors into the statistical models proposed for the traits.
Background and Objective: Poultry industry aims mainly to produce genetically superior animals with high productivity of egg and meat.On a commercial scale, the purpose of most quail genetic improvement programs is to select genetically superior birds for meat and egg production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term selection through four generations of selection in Japanese quail on egg number at the first 90 days of laying, estimate genetic parameters of egg production traits and estimate the correlated response to selection. Materials and Methods: Data of 1,352 female Japanese quails were collected through five consecutive generations (base and four selected generations) to estimate genetic gain, depending on breeding values, for Age at First Egg (AFE), Body Weight at Sexual Maturity (BWSM), Weight at First Egg (WFE), Egg Number at first 90 days (EN90D) and Average Egg Weight (AEW). Results: Estimates of heritability for egg production traits were ranged from 0.17 to 0.26. Moreover, positive genetic correlations were detected (0.18 to 0.43) between all studied egg production traits, except the correlation between AFE and EN90D (-0.32). The contrast among estimates was significant (p<0.05), favoring the selected generations over the base. The cumulative selection response was favorable for all unselected traits with the superiority of the selected generations to the base generation. Conclusions: It can be concluded that early selection based on breeding value for a cumulative egg number at first 90 days of egg production can effectively improve the total egg production and other egg traits in Japanese quail through four selected generations.
<p>Although growth hormone (<em>GH</em>) gene mutations are described in several species, the studies concerning their variabilities and associations with economic traits in rabbits are scarce, particularly associations with semen traits. A total of 149 rabbit bucks from five populations (V-line=36, Moshtohor line=28, APRI line=42, cross ½A½M=23, and Gabali=20) were used in the present study to identify polymorphism of c.-78 C>T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of <em>GH</em> gene among these populations and to investigate the association of <em>GH</em> gene polymorphism with body weight (BW), daily weight gain (DG) and semen traits. DNA was extracted from blood samples for genotyping of c.-78 C>T SNP of <em>GH</em> gene based on polymerase chain reaction with the restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The genetic diversity of SNP C>T of <em>GH</em> gene was assessed in terms of genotypic and allelic frequencies, effective number of alleles (Ne), observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), reduction in heterozygosity due to inbreeding (F<sub>IS</sub>) and polymorphism information content (PIC). Three genotypes of TT, CC and TC of PCR product of 231 bp of <em>GH</em> gene were detected and all the populations were in HWE in terms of <em>GH</em> gene. The highest Ne was obtained for the Moshtohor line (1.978), while the lowest allelic numbers were obtained for V-line (1.715) and Gabali breed (1.800). The highest genotype frequency of <em>GH</em> gene was 0.48 in TT genotype of V-line, 0.21 in CC genotype of Moshtohor line, 0.67 and 0.56 in TC genotype of ½A½M and Gabali rabbits (<em>P</em><0.05). The highest frequency for C allele was recorded by Moshtohor line (0.45) and the lowest frequency by Gabali (0.32). The genetic diversity scores for <em>GH</em> gene were intermediate (Ho=0.551, He=0.471, PIC=0.358). The values of Ho ranged from 0.444 in V-line to 0.667 in ½A½M cross, while the values of He were 0.425 in V-line and 0.508 in Moshtohor line. The values of PIC were moderate and ranged from 0.332 in V-line to 0.375 in M-line. The highest F<sub>IS</sub> was observed in Moshtohor line (0.042) and the lowest value was observed in ½A½M cross (–0.413). The CT genotype of <em>GH</em> gene showed the highest and significant values for body weights at 4, 8, 10 and 12 wk (542, 1131, 1465 and 1861 g) and daily gains at intervals of 4-6 and 8-10 wk (23.1 and 26.5 g). Additionally, the CT genotype recorded the highest and significant values for volume of ejaculate (1.1 mL), sperm motility (57.6%), live sperm (85.6%), normal sperm (93.1%) and sperm concentration in semen (611×106/mL), along with the lowest and significant values for dead sperms (14.4%) and abnormal sperms (6.9%).</p>
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