Fur farming in Russia can be considered one of the most profitable industries. However, outbreaks of infectious diseases in animal farms, in the difficult conditions of the global financial crisis, cause irreparable economic damage, which negatively affects the prospects for the development of the industry. One of these diseases is the Aleutian Mink disease, which entails enormous losses associated with the lack of treatment and prevention. To date, the use of interferon inducers is considered a promising direction in the fight against viral diseases of animals. The objects of the study were mink of 30-day-old sapphire breed, spontaneously infected with the Aleutian disease virus. Two groups of 50 animals (25 females and 25 males) each were formed using the method of analog groups. The minks of the experimental group were subcutaneously injected with alloferon at a dose of 0.5 mg per head twice with an interval of 6 days. The control group animals were injected with saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) in the same dosing regimen. The biochemical parameters of blood were taken into account after 1 month of the experiment. Our studies have shown that in experimental animals the blood content of total protein was lower by 19.6%, globulins by 24.4%, urea levels were 2 times lower, creatinine values were 1.5 times, the amount of ALT and AST were 2.5 and 1.6 times lower, respectively. The obtained results of a biochemical study may indicate an improvement in metabolic processes in experimental individuals, which contributes to an increase in the productive qualities of sick animals. As a result of the conducted research, it can be concluded that it is advisable to use drugs based on alloferon for mink patients with viral plasmocytosis in order to reduce the economic damage from the Aleutian mink disease.
Today, fur farming continues to incur huge losses because of the Aleutian mink disease. Frequently, the pathogen enters the territory of farms together with newly imported mink livestock, which is why the applied immunoelectroosmophoresis reaction has low efficiency if the antibodies have not yet reached a certain level. So for this reason, the problem of accurate and early diagnosis of viral plasmocytosis in newly imported quarantine livestock becomes urgent. The study was carried out using PCR diagnostics of fecal samples from a newly imported population of minks of 30-day age in the fur farm of the North-Western region. Before taking fecal samples, all animals were examined by clinical methods. PCR diagnostics was performed using a set of reagents «Test system "ABN"» according to the manufacturer's instructions. According to the results of the experiment, it was found that out of 40 selected animals without clinical signs of the disease, 29 managed to detect the DNA of the causative agent of viral plasmocytosis. Thus, the use of PCR diagnostics as a method of identifying the Aleutian mink disease virus for newly imported livestock will prevent the development and spread of the disease already at its early stages.
Nowdays, viral plasmocytosis of mink is widespread all over the world, due to the lack of effective treatments. A key role in the outcome of the disease is often played by kidney damage associated with the development of glomerulonephritis as a result of hypergammaglobulinemia. It is for this reason that the problem of finding a remedy for the treatment and prevention of Aleutian mink disease becomes urgent. The studies were carried out on mink of the sapphire breed at the age of 30 to 40 days in patients with viral plasmocytosis, confirmed by molecular genetic analysis. The experimental and control groups consisted of 20 animals each. The minks of the experimental group were injected subcutaneously twice with an interval of 6 days with alloferon at a dose of 0.5 mg per head, and the minks of the control group were injected with saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) in the same volume and multiplicity. During the study, records of fallen minks were kept. At the end of the experiment, histological studies of internal organs were carried out. The conducted experience showed that the use of alloferon led to a reduction in mortality, as well as a several-fold decrease in the intensity of plasmocytic infiltration of organs and tissues in experimental minks.
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