The present work was conducted to achieve the following aims: Evaluate of the changes during composting cattle and poultry manures and compost maturity i.e total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, humic substances, humification index, under two aeration techniques i.e. Forced Ventilation System (FVS) by means of composer pump and Mechanically turned System (MTS) by means of loader. A design of a composting Forced Ventilation System (FVS), is a 2 polyethylene plastic cages (1m length x 0.45 width x 0.6 m height), with 4 inches (10 cm) pipe diameter. Each 4 plastic Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) perforated pipes were laid horizontally and vertically in a cage shape, an about 600 holes/cage). At the end of composting (80 days) all the treatments reached the maturity standard, except for piles of both poultry and cattle manures under FVS, the maturity state were reached at the 65th. Forced Ventilation System (FVS) with the composting of cattle and poultry manures lower in labour cost, sped up the composting process and got the best compost quality in compared to the MTS. Furthermore, it has been defined as a good method to reduce nitrogen loss by volatilization. However, it has the disadvantage, compared to pile of MTS, of the limited homogenization of the pile. Besides, there is a higher need of watering because of evaporation. The main disadvantages of the MTS are the difficulty in controlling the temperature and the loss of nitrogen during the turnings.Indeed, the present investigation demonstrated that compost tea quality of the end products compost from cattle and poultry manures under FVS were better quality compared to the same organic manure under the other aeration technique. Overall, considering of the environment, agronomy value, phytotoxicity and efficiency indicators, the method FVS was most suitable for composting practice production.
This study were carried out on sandy soil Experimental Farm. Agricultural research Center "ARC", Ismailia Government, Egypt to evaluate one of integrated fertilization system of peanut "Arochishypogaea" (variety Giza 5) Plant. This system cosist of mineral-N at two application rates of 25 and 40 kg N fed-1 two mixtures of biofertilizersi.e B1 Azospirillum braselinse, local strain, Bacillus megatherium, local strain and Azotobacter chroococcum, local strain and B2 Bradyrhizobium.sp , strain(USDA 3456), Serratia marcescens, strain MH6 and Psuedomonas fluorescens, strain IFO 2034 which appeared at a rate of 300 g/ 50 kg seeds and organic fertilizers in different sources i.e farmyard manure (FYM), solid plant residues (SPC), enriched compost tee (ECT) and mixture of FYM+ECT, where solid organic fertilizer were added at a rate of 75 L fed -1. The mixture treatment consists of 2.5 t FYM fed-1 + 37.5 L ECT fed-1. Plant sample were taken randomly from each replicates at growth periods of 45, 70 and harvest day. The studied treatment were arranged within split split design in three replicates.At 45 and 70 old days, number of nodules and its weight plant -1 and fresh and dray weights shoots plant as well as shoots content of N, P and K increased significantly as a result of individual and combined applications of the used mineral-N, bio and organic fertilizers. In addition, at harvesting stage, dray weight of both shoots and seeds content of protein and oil were increased significantly with all fertilization treatments under study.
Egypt, during two successive growth summer seasons, i.e. 2016 and 2017 on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Giza 5 cv., to study the individual and combined effect of applications of mineral N fertilization levels (25 and 40 kg N / fed., ammonium sulphate, 20.3 % N).Four resources of organic fertilizers (farmyard manure "FYM" , solid plant compost "SPC" , enriched compost tea "ECT" and FYM+ECT) and two different mixtures of biofertilizers (B 1 and B 2 ) on nodulation efficiency and growth of peanut plants. B 1 consists of Azospirillum braselinse (local strain) + Bacillus megatherium (local strain) + Azotobacter chroococcum (local strain); while B 2 consists of Bradyrhizobium.sp ( strain (USDA 3456)) + Serratia marcescens ( strain MH6) + Psuedomonas fluorescens (strain IFO 2034). Application rate of SPC, FYM were 5 ton / fed., while ECT was 75 L/fed (fed is 0.42 ha). The treatment of FYM+ECT was carried out at a rate of 2.5 ton FYM / fed. + 37.5 L ECT/ fed. The layout of the experiment was a splitsplit-plot design, with the main plots arranged in a randomized complete blocks design, with three replicates. The results showed that, a marked significant increases in both nodules (number and dry matter) formed on the roots of peanut plants as well as the dry matter of shoots of peanut plants owing to the used fertilization treatments as compared to the control. The highest values of nodulation (number and weight) and shoots dry weights were found in the plants fertilized by triple combinations of mineral N, organic and biofertilizers followed by those found duo to the dual combinations. Data also showed a superior increase of applied B 2 and addition of ECT than that obtained for B 1 and either of than other organic fertilizers on nodules number as shoots dry weight of peanut plants at growth period of 45 days. Generally, data showed an importance role of mineral N and bio-fertilizers application on sandy soil fertility of sandy soil treated with organic fertilizers and its productivity of peanut plants.
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