The Paris System for reporting urinary cytology provides clear, easy to adopt criteria, which lead to diagnostic categories with clinical significance, facilitating patient management decisions.
Double immunocytochemical staining for p53 and CK20 is easy to perform and evaluate and can improve cytology sensitivity. It is helpful in establishing a diagnosis of malignancy and may be used as a triage tool to select patients that require cystoscopy during clinical follow-up.
Pneumatosis cystoides-like pattern is a group of histopathological features occasionally found in ovarian teratomas. This is a case of laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy performed for incomplete adnexal torsion where histology reported mature ovarian teratoma with “pneumatosis cystoides-like appearance”. This term is used to describe the presence of multiple cystic spaces within the tumor wall. It has been reported also in other organs, such as gastrointestinal tract, urinary bladder and the vagina. It may be secondary to mechanical, bacterial or ischemic causes, with the pathogenesis remaining unclear. It is benign and may exist more often than reported.
The authors highlight the cytological features of parathyroid adenoma, which in conjunction with intrathyroid tumour location and absence of clinical information may lead to the erroneous diagnosis of thyroid follicular tumour. Moreover, the coexistence of dual pathology may result in misdiagnosis of a parathyroid tumour for a thyroid lesion, due to sampling error, even when ultrasound guidance for fine needle aspiration is used.
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