This paper discusses the environmental aspects of the combustion of dewatered municipal sewage sludge in a utility boiler. The information presented is based on the results of laboratory scale combustion tests performed on both sludgelcoal and sludgeloil mixtures. Air pollution control and solid waste disposal considerations are discussed.
The intent of this assessment is to determine the economic and technical feasibility of the reduction of compressor-inlet-air temperature by providing a cooling coil at the entrance to the turbine’s inlet-air section to improve performance and reduce operating costs. To achieve the desired cooling of the inlet air to the turbine’s compressor, it is proposed to use indirect cooling from a mechanical-vapor compression-type chiller in combination with cool storage. Two types of cool storage are examined, including chilled-water storage and ice storage. A sizing methodology for the chiller and storage capacity was formulated by PSE&G to maximize the economic attractiveness which a cooling capability can achieve under the power-pool rules. The study considered an energy/thermal assessment to predict turbine performance and electrical output with and without inlet-air cooling. Total benefits include a capacity benefit, net power-generation increase and turbine fuel-input savings less operating costs. Based on the capital cost of the alternatives, simple paybacks were determined.
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Chemiluminescence in the visible has indicated the production of electronically excited products in the low pressure reactions of alkaline earth metals with o'ygen, halogens, halogen compounds and other oxidants. Thermochemical calculations on many such systems have indicated energy release more than adequate for electronic excitation of the product molecules. Comparisons of radiative lifetimes, rates of chemical reaction and col. Iisional de-excitation indicate the possibility of population inversion and chemical laser action based on such electronically excited product molecules.The literature is reviewed to analyze the theoretical possibility of lasing action using alkaline earth systems. Although spin-conservation laws limit the rates of certain reactions, there appears to be sufficient promise to this approach.
This one year investigation is concerned with relating the sorbent characteristics of fly ash produced from test. coal obtained from 19 mines. located in Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania~ Six of the test coals and their respective fly ashes have been sampled and. boiler conditions monitored in P.S.E. & G. coal fired boilers operated under minimum, intermediate and full power. / II Major, minor and trace elemental analysis as well as Mossbauer spectra of three of the coals and their respective ashes have been completed. The atom composition of the surface of these fly ashes has also been determined by ESCA. The pH and concentration of the major, minor and trace elements that leach out of the fly ash initially have been determined on the fly ashes produced from the Militant, Deep Hollow and Wellmore Cactus coals. All leachate samples to.dateexhibited an acidic pH. This leaching essentially ceases as the pH approached neutral conditions. This was found to occur after 4 liters of water was passed through each fly ash sample in a lysimeter. The lysimeter studies to define the sorbent characteristics of the fly ashes have not been completed yet. .)t.• COAL SCHEDULED FOR COMBUSTION UNDER TEST CONDITIONS Hudson's coal fired boiler (high fusion coal) l1ine Location Militant Clearfield County, Pa.
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