Durante o experimento "O Impacto da Seca Prolongada nos Fluxos de Água e Dióxido de Carbono em uma Floresta Tropical Amazônica" (ESECAFLOR) realizou-se este trabalho. Trata-se de um subprojeto do Experimento de Grande escala da Biosfera-Atmosfera da Amazônia (LBA), localizado na Estação Científica Ferreira Pena, dentro da Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Pará (1º 42- 30-- S; 51º 31-45-- W; 62 m altitude). A região tem floresta bem preservada, com dossel médio de 35 m. As espécies predominantes em terra-firme, são: Eschweilera coriacea (Mata-matá branco), Voucapoua americana (Acapu) e Protium pallidum (Breu Branco). Medidas foram realizadas entre 03 a 16 de dezembro de 2000 e 12 a 25 de janeiro de 2003, objetivando-se determinar a transpiração de dois exemplares de Eschweilera coriacea, mediante os efeitos da seca provocada. A área do ESECAFLOR compreende duas parcelas, cada uma com 1 ha, parcela A (controle) e parcela B (exclusão da chuva). Para o fluxo de seiva, o método foi o Balanço de Calor no Tronco, com sistema Sap Flow meter, P4.1; entre os períodos analisados, a transpiração média registrou aumento de 56% na árvore A237 (parcela A) e redução de 68% na árvore B381 (parcela B).
Brazil stands out worldwide in the production of oil palm; however, there is a need to understand the interaction between the plantations and the environment. The objective was to evaluate the microbiological and chemical attributes of the soil in plantations of different ages of oil palm and of a secondary forest in two seasonal conditions. The microbiological variables analyzed were the carbon of the microbial biomass (C BMS), total carbon (C TOTAL), total nitrogen (N TOTAL), basal respiration (RB), metabolic quotient (qCO 2), carbon / nitrogen ratio (C/N) and gravimetric humidity (Ug); (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), effective cation exchange capacity (CTC) and aluminum saturation (% m). The chemical attributes of soil fertility and soil microbial biomass presented stronger and larger correlations in the rainy season. The most sensitive microbiological attributes to age of oil palm were C BMS , qCO 2 and C/N ratio, while the chemical variables were P, Ca, Al, CTC, and pH in water.
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