To observe changes in hemodynamics and vascular responses to norepinephrine in cases of liver cirrhosis, male WKA rats were given CCI4 subcutaneously. The portal venous pressure of these so-induced cirrhotic rats was significantly higher than that of the controls. There was an increase of mucosal blood flow and a lowering of peripheral vascular resistance of the stomach. After norepinephrine infusion, the gastric mucosal blood flow increased significantly in cirrhotic rats, whereas there was no significant change in controls. The aorta and the portal vein showed no difference in the vascular response to either norepinephrine or [K+]₀. These results suggest that in cirrhotic rats there is an increase in blood flow and a lowering of peripheral vascular resistance in the gastric mucosa and that these hemodynamic changes may be derived from alteration in the vascular response to norepinephrine in gastric microcirculation.
SUMMARY The slope of the curve relating integrated electromyographic activity of masseter muscle to biting force, the latency of the jaw-jerk reflex, and masticatory performance were estimated in patients with Duchenne type of progressive muscular dystrophy before and during therapeutic exercise of the somatognathic system. The slope and latency were slightly decreased, and masticatory performance was increased during exercise. These results suggest that therapeutic exercise of the stomatognathic system is effective in improving masticatory function in patients with progressive muscular dystrophy.Previous electromyographic study' analysing masticatory function in patients with the Duchenne type of progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD) has shown that the slope of the curve relating integrated electromyographic activity of the masseter muscles to biting force during rapid isometric contraction of the jaw (slope of the voltage/tension curve) was steeper in patients with muscular dystrophy than in healthy subjects. It was also shown that the latency of the jaw-jerk reflex was longer and the masticatory performance was considerably less in muscular dystrophy than in a healthy subject. However, there were no differences between those with and without an open-bite, which is characteristic of Duchenne type of muscular dystrophy, for all of the tests. From these findings, the authors suggested that the masticatory disturbance in patients with muscular dystrophy is due more to neuromuscular disturbances in the masticatory system rather than to malocclusion such as an open-bite. It was therefore considered that the masticatory disturbance in muscular dystrophy could not be improved by simply increasing the contact points between upper and lower teeth.Therapeutic exercise has been recommended for
To provide age-and sex-specific health state utilities (HSUs) and examine their associations with overweight/ obesity in the Ghanaian population. METHODS: Data from the World Health Organization's 2008 Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) was used. HSUs were derived, first by mapping EQ-5D-3L profiles to responses from the health state descriptions in SAGE. The UK population norms were applied in the baseline scenario to calculate HSUs. Multilevel linear regressions that utilize the identity link were used to evaluate associations between HSUs and overweight/ obesity. RESULTS: Responses from 3,946 adults aged 18-79 years were analysed. The mean (95 % confidence interval) HSU was 0.661 (95% CI: 0.652, 0.670) for the analytical sample, 0.690 (95% CI: 0.679, 0.702) for men and 0.626 (95% CI: 0.612, 0.640) for women. Mean HSU was significantly higher for overweight respondents compared to those with normal BMI. There was statistically significant negative association between HSUs and being a woman (-0.048; 95% CI: -0.066, -0.029) compared to being a man, women with class I obesity (-0.047; 95% CI: -0.091, -0.002) compared to women with normal BMI, ages 50-79 years compared to 18-29 years and all obesity-related medical conditions. CONCLUSIONS:The study provides HSUs by sex and age in the Ghanaian population. Mean HSU was significantly higher in overweight respondents in the population; and class I obesity (BMI= 30.00 to ≤ 35.00kg/m2) was negatively associated with HSUs in women.
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