The purpose of the present study was to measure the dynamic, static and rotary balance of deaf and hearing children. 20 deaf and 20 normal hearing students matched for mean age of 123 +/- 5.9 or 5.6 mo. and sex (11 boys, 9 girls) performed three tests of balance. A series of Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests and a Kendall Tau were applied to assess whether balance was affected in sensorineural deafness and to assess whether age and sex were factors in over-all balance, respectively. Significant differences were noted between groups for dynamic balance and rotary balance. Although not significant, there was a difference of 57.8% in number of trials for successful completion of static balance in favor of the hearing children. In the present study, over-all balance in deaf children was significantly inferior to the balance in hearing children. Knowledge of these differences may aid those working with deaf children in physical education.
The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of 10-in [0.25-m] versus 16-in [0.41-m] wheelchair handrims on cardiorespiratory and psychophysiological exercise responses during wheelchair propulsion at selected velocities. Fifteen male paraplegics (27.0 +/- 5.5 yrs) performed three discontinuous exercise tests (ACE = arm crank ergometer; WERG = wheelchair roller ergometer) and two 1600-m performance-based track trials (TRACK) under simulated race conditions. There were no significant differences in HR, VO2, VE, HLa, or category-ratio ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) using different handrims during wheelchair propulsion at 4 km.h-1. In contrast, at 8 km.h-1 subjects demonstrated a 13% lower steady state VO2 (p less than .05) using the 10-in handrims, coincident with a 23% lower VE. Steady state HR during WERG at 8 km.h-1 using the 10-in (124.4 +/- 3.9 b.min-1) or 16-in (130.6 +/- 4.6 b.min-1) handrims were not significantly different. There were also no significant differences between ACE or WERG conditions during maximal effort for VO2 or VE. However, HRpeak during ACE was 7% higher than HRpeak during WERG16 (183 +/- 15 b.min-1 vs. 171 +/- 12 b.min-1, p less than .05), and whole blood HLa during ACE was also significantly higher (by 2.3-2.5 mmol; p less than .05) compared to WERG. There were no significant differences for HR, performance time, or RPE between trials using different handrim diameters during the 1600-m event.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The purpose of the present study was to measure the dynamic, static and rotary balance of deaf and hearing children. 20 deaf and 20 normal hearing students matched for mean age of 123 +/- 5.9 or 5.6 mo. and sex (11 boys, 9 girls) performed three tests of balance. A series of Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests and a Kendall Tau were applied to assess whether balance was affected in sensorineural deafness and to assess whether age and sex were factors in over-all balance, respectively. Significant differences were noted between groups for dynamic balance and rotary balance. Although not significant, there was a difference of 57.8% in number of trials for successful completion of static balance in favor of the hearing children. In the present study, over-all balance in deaf children was significantly inferior to the balance in hearing children. Knowledge of these differences may aid those working with deaf children in physical education.
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