Effect of timing application of three pesticides belonging to carbamate group (oxamyl and methomyl) and organophosphorous group (dimethoate) were evaluated against Monacha cartusiana ( Muller)snails under field conditions during three different seasons (Autumn, winter and spring) . Results revealed that the molluscicidal activity of the two tested pesticides oxamyl and m ethomyl fluctuated from season to another. Autumn and spring seasons exhibited the highest molluscicidal activity against M. cartusiana, while dimethoate noticed the lowest one. On contrary, winter season exhibited the lowest molluscicidal activity for the two tested p esticides (oxamyl and methomyl) comparing with the other two seasons (autumn and spring) while dimethoate gave the lowest one. It could be recommended that control of these snails pests must be carried out during autumn season where few number of snails were found in the begging of the breeding season. It could not wait to spring season where the numbers of snails reach its maximum values.

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The capability of Phasmarhabditis tawfiki Azzam to control the snails Eobania vermiculata (Müller) and Theba pisana (Müller) and the insect larvae of Agrotis ipsilon (Hüfngel) and Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) was investigated under greenhouse conditions, using three types of soils (clay, mixture of sand and clay, and sand), using an infective dose of about 200 I.S per snail or larva for four weeks .The mortality rate of Eobania vermiculata (Müller), Theba pisana (Müller), Agrotis ipsilon (Hüf.) and Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) exposed to infection with P. tawfiki was 88.94, 83.75, 93.75 and 71.25 %, respectively in the clay soil. In the mixture of sand and clay soil, these rates were 67.5, 72.5, 70 and 60 % ,while in the sand soil they recorded, 53.75, 63.75, 62.5 and 52.5 %, respectively.The highest number of recovered nematodes (14579.09 I.S./snail) was reported for the snail E. vermiculata infected in the clay soil. Reversely, the lowest number(2560 I.S./larva) was associated with larvae S. littoralis in the sandy soil. T. pisana and A. ipsilon recorded 9807.17 I.S./snail and 6803.28 I.S./ larva respectively in the clay soil.Rates of individuals recovered nematodes in the clay soil were 89.94, 85.04, 82.79 and 79.01 % for E. vermiculata, T. pisana, A. ipsilon and S. littoralis, respectively.

The effect of attractive intervals distances and some control application methods on the efficacy of methomyl against Monacha cartusiana (MÜller) snails were studies under field conditions during the growing season of 2012/2013.Results revealed that poisonous baits of methomyl containing wheat bran and sugar can syrup can attractive M. cartusiana snails far from 100 cm. These results included that bait stations of poisonous bran baits for control land snails could be applied on two meters intervals between station and the other .Regarding the evaluation of two application methods commonly used in controlling land snails: spray and poisonous baits. Results indicated that poisonous baits were more effectiveness than spray technique. Moreover when poisonous baits were put as piles on plastic pieces was the best technique to reduce numbers of M. cartusiana snails in Egyptian clover fields. Finally, it could be recommended that station of bran poisonous baits could put on two meters intervals and piles on plastic pieces method was the best application methods for controlling land snails under field conditions.

A new Granulovirus was isolated from cutworm Agrotis segetum larvae collected from the field in Qalubaya governorate. Transverse section of larvae showed infected fat body, epidermis and mid-gut cells. Transmition electromicroscope evealed ovoid occlusion bodies (granules), each granule contains a single rod-shaped virion with one nucleocapsid, typical of granuolosis virus. Also, the scanning electromicroscopy of apurified viral suspension confirmed a baculovirus morphology. The size of virus particles in the present isolation ranged between 1.9 m to 2.5m. Preliminary bioassay indicated that A. ipsilon neonate larvae are susceptible to AgseGV EG and the calculated LC 50 value was 3.79x10 6 capsules/ml.

Mango fruits being climacteric have a short shelf life; and post-harvest dipping is considered as one of the most popular techniques to prolong its shelf life dipping based on starch, olive oil, beeswax and sodium benzoate have been evaluated with reference to the shelf life and quality of mango Naomi cultivar fruit harvested at full stage of maturity. The dipped and undipped (control) fruits were stored on the lab’s tables in the room conditions (25±5 <C and 65-70% R.H.), samples of each treatment were randomly taken every 4 days to evaluate after harvest dipping treatments effect during shelf life of fruits. Results indicated that every dipping treatment has a significant impact on the quality and shelf life of the fruit. The beeswax and olive oil treated mango fruits had the longest shelf life with good quality, while the shelf life of untreated (control) fruit was the shortest. The total soluble solids and sugar contents were also high in starch-treated fruit. The overall data conclude that beeswax was the best post-harvest dipping material, which might be due to the fact that beeswax is an antioxidant and antimicrobial as well as hydrophobic in nature.

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