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In this review the controversial issues of the processes leading to the chemical breakdown of passivity are discussed. The following problems are considered: (i) aggressive anion concentration buildup and the effect of potential; (it) effect of defects and inhomogeneities within the metal phase and/or within the passivating film; (iii) the possibility of incorporation of aggressive ions into the film; (iv) effect of aggressive ions on film thickness and structure; (v) significance of the induction period, and (vi) relevance of 1 On leave from the Institute

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