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Next generations of civil transport aircraft will need to be evaluated not only against their behaviour as an aircraft system but also as a part of the larger air transport system. In addition to this are the sustainability issues related to for instance noise and emissions, represented by environmental impact. Both issues mandate the incorporation of complex stakeholder behaviour in the design and evaluation of future aircraft. A framework is proposed in extension of existing Design and Engineering Engines to perform such evaluations. For this extension a combination of agent based modelling and simulation approach, value engineering and multi-level optimization is suggested to quantitatively implement quality function deployment. As an illustration of the complexity in evaluating new aircraft concepts, the Prandtl Plane study case is used. From this study case it is found that, when evaluated using the current DEE, the Prandtl Plane shows a potential for alternative use at systems level. But no conclusion can be drawn on the environmental impact effect on the air transport system without addressing the system-of-systems considerations. This includes the unknown stakeholder response with respect to the new opportunities provided by the Prandtl Plane. One of the great challenges for future design is the increasing complexity, not only in the proposed solutions, e.g. Prandtl Plane, but also in the measures of desirability, e.g. global emissions. This requires the integrated approach addressing the complexities at both system-of-systems and system level, proposed in extension to the current design and engineering engine.

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