As people age, they experience a decline in immune responses. Unusually heavy acute or chronic exercise could increase the risk of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) whereas regular moderate physical activity may reduce URTI symptomatology. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether an aerobic exercise program would promote chronic adaptations in plasma IgA, IgG and IgM, and salivary IgA (Sal-IgA) in both elderly women and men. Forty-three independently living men and women, aged between 65 and 96 years, were randomly assigned to an aerobic exercising or a control group. Each participant underwent three evaluations (pre, post at 16 weeks and follow-up at 32 weeks). The aerobic exercise group increased resting plasma IgA concentration from 1.08 g. L (-1)+/-0.50 g. L (-1) to 2.29 g. L (-1)+/-0.93 g. L (-1), whereas salivary IgA concentration was unchanged. The control group maintained the plasma IgA values but experienced a decrease in Sal-IgA. The IgG and IgM plasma concentrations increased in both groups, however, only the exercise group maintained higher values in the final follow-up evaluation. Regular aerobic exercise may be effective in promoting IgA immunity and protecting against the deterioration in Sal-IgA values observed in the control group. No gender differences in the immunoglobulin responses to aerobic training were observed.
Anti-Gal is a human polyclonal antibody that constitutes approximately 1% of the circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG), interacts specifically with the mammalian carbohydrate alpha-galactosyl epitope. Furthermore, it was found to mimic in vitro thyrotropin (TSH) effects regarding stimulation for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) synthesis, 125I uptake, and cellular proliferation on cultured porcine thyrocytes and on Graves' disease thyrocytes, but not on normal human thyrocytes. As immune activation in sporadic and endemic goiters might play a secondary role in regulating thyrocyte proliferation and function, we evaluated anti-Gal titers in endemic goiter. Serum was obtained from 109 Chagas'-negative patients living in an endemic goiter area of Brazil (Grao Mogol, MG) and 160 controls. The patients were divided into 3 groups, according to their goiter size (World Health Organization [WHO] classification): grade 0 (group 1, n = 24), grade I-II (group 2, n = 41), and grade III-IV (group 3, n = 44). Anti-Gal was assessed by a radioimmunological procedure (results expressed as the percentage of bound radioactivity/total activity [%B/T]). The antibody titer was significantly more elevated in group 1 (mean +/- SEM: 9.27%+/-0.80%), in group 2 (mean +/- SEM: 16.17%+/-0.97%), and in group 3 (20.97%+/-1.30%) than in normal controls (6.46%+/-0.33%). Analysis of the male and female data separately for anti-Gal titer did not substantially alter these results. We concluded that the anti-Gal titer is higher in patients with endemic goiter and presented a possible relationship with the size of goiter. Whether these antibodies contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease needs further clarification.
Excess weight in adult life is an important risk factor for the development ofnoncommunicable diseases. On the other hand, aerobic physical exercise programs have beenshown to be important components both in the prevention and control of these conditions.This work aims to evaluate the effects of moderate intensity training on the body weight(BW) and food intake (FI) of adult male rats. Wistar rats were obtained at 30 days old.Throughout the experimental period, they were kept in appropriate cages (4 rats per box)containing food and water, temperature (22ºC) and photoperiod (07:00 to 19:00) controlled.At PN 40 they were divided into sedentary (S) and exercised (E) groups. The BW and FI weremeasured twice a week, from 40 to 140 days old. Exercised rats performed a moderate-intensity treadmill running from PN 90 to 120. During this period, they were submitted to aneffort test to evaluate performance and control the training load (55% to 65% VO 2max ). Theresults showed that both BW and FI were not altered with the training performed during adultlife, even after 20 days of exercise cessation. More studies are needed in order to assesswhether moderate-intensity training is able to attenuates the deleterious effects observed inthe biometric and metabolic markers of adult rats programmed for obesity and/or metabolicsyndrome.
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