Genetic Diversity of QPM and Normal Maize Inbreds asRevealed by SSR Markers and Its Relationship with the Hybrid Performance. Marcia B. Pabendon, M. Azrai, M.J. Mejaya, and Sutrisno. Information on genetic divergence of inbred lines and performance of the hybrids developed from the lines is a great value in maize hybrid program. A study was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity of six QPM and five normal maize inbred lines, to determine the relationship between genetic distance based on SSR markers and the grain yield of single cross hybrid, and to get information promising hybrid from the single cross of QPM hybrid. Twenty four polymorphic primers that covered the 10 maize chromosomes were used to fingerprint the lines, detecting in 94 alleles (average of 3.9 and a range of 2-6 alleles per locus). Genetic divergences were determined using the Jaccard's similarity coefficient, and a dendrogram was constructed using the UPGMA. Cluster analysis divided the inbreds into two clusters that were confirmed by principal coordinate analysis. Two promising QPM hybrids that are crossed from different heterotic group were found. The estimated value of simple correlations (r) of GDs with the gain yield of single cross hybrid was negatif (-0.07). There is a need to conduct more field trials to obtain more accurate correlations, particularly in a practical utility for predicting maize hybrid performance for grain yield.Key words: Maize, QPM and normal inbreds, SSR, genetic distance, hybrid performance. PENDAHULUANMalnutrisi di berbagai daerah di Indonesia akhirakhir ini semakin meningkat, yang dipicu oleh rendahnya daya beli masyarakat. Salah satu sumber bahan pangan di Indonesia, khususnya di Indonesia Bagian Timur adalah jagung. Kandungan protein jagung normal berkisar 8-11% (Vasal 2000), namun masih kekurangan dua asam amino esensial, yaitu lisin dan triptofan dengan kandungan masing-masing hanya 0,225% dan 0,05% (Cordova 2001). Jika jagung digunakan sebagai sumber pangan, maka orang yang mengonsumsi jagung tersebut juga akan kekurangan asam amino lisin dan triptofan. Quality Protein Maize (QPM)Hak Cipta © 2008, BB-Biogen memiliki potensi yang sangat baik untuk nutrisi manusia, khususnya bagi bayi yang mengalami kekurangan gizi dan sebagai sumber protein bagi anakanak prasekolah. Selain manusia, kedua asam amino tersebut juga sangat dibutuhkan oleh ternak, terutama ternak "monogastric", seperti unggas, yang tidak dapat menghasilkan lisin dan triptofan sendiri, sehingga harus dipasok dari makanannya sebagai sumber protein hewani (Srivastava et al. 2005).Penelitian dan promosi QPM pernah mengalami kemunduran pada masa lalu, karena rendahnya kualitas sumber plasma nutfah dan kurangnya galur-galur elit QPM yang toleran cekaman. Namun sekarang, untuk memecahkan masalah kerapuhan genetik QPM dan untuk mempercepat pembentukan hibrida QPM, sejumlah besar plasma nutfah tropika dan subtropika telah tersedia di CIMMYT dan dapat diintroduksi. Hal lain yang penting adalah mengklasifikasikan inbridainbrida QPM ke dalam kelompo...
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