Chickpea pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) is considered to be one of the major pests of chickpea. The damage potential and economic threshold level for Helicoverpa armigera larvae on chickpea crop were worked out. On an average, single larva per m row reduced the yield to the extent of 155 kg/ha and 157 kg/ha in 2004-05 and 2005-06 cropping season, respectively. The ratio of the value of yield saved to the cost of insecticide application at one larva per m row was 1.06 and 1.12 in 2004-05 and 2005-06, respectively. EILs for Helicoverpa armigera were determined as 12 and 0.95 per m row and ETLs was at 09 and 0 73 larvae per m row in 2004-05 and 2005 - 06, respectively. Key Words: Economic injury, chickpea, pod borer doi: 10.3329/bjar.v33i4.2288 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(4) : 555-563, December 2008
Finite Element Modeling now a days is an essentital approach in analysisng and simulating civil engineering problem numerically. In this paper at attempt is made to apply the finite element modelling in analysing and exploring the behavior of shear wall with opening under seismis load actions. In modern tall buildings, shear walls are commonly used as a vertical structural element for resisting the lateral loads that may be induced by the effect of wind and earthquakes. Shear walls are generally located at the sides of buildings or arranged in the form of core that houses stairs and lifts. Due to functional requirements such as doors, windows, and other openings, a shear wall in a building contains many openings. The size and location of openings may vary from architectural and functional point of view. In most of the apartment building, size and location of openings in shear wall are made without considering its effect on structural behavior of the building. This study is carried out on 6-story frame-shear wall buildings, using linear elastic analysis with the help of finite element software, ETABS under earthquake loads in equivalent static analysis. The results reveal that stiffness as well as seismic responses of structures is affected by the size of the openings as well as their locations in shear wall. It is also explored that top lateral drift of the system can also be reduced thickening the element in the model around the opening of shear wall.
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The experiment was carried out to study the effects of three mulching practices viz., no mulch, water hyacinth mulch and polythene mulch, three levels of nitrogen viz., 0, 150 and 200 and three levels of potassium viz., 0, 200 and 250 kg/ha on the growth and yield of carrot. The yield and yield contributing characters of carrot were significantly influenced by the application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers with mulching treated plot. The highest marketable yield (63.47 t/ha) was recorded from the treatment combination of black polythene mulch with 200 kg N/ha and 200 kg K/ha treated plot and the lowest (23.69 t/ha) from the control treatment (M0N0K0). But the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) was found maximum (5.60) in the treatment combination of water hyacinth mulch with 200 kg N/ha and 200 kg K/ha, and the lowest (2.54) in control treatment. Considering the above findings, water hyacinth mulch with the application of 200 kg N/ha and 200 kg K/ha appeared to be recommendable for carrot cultivation for the place where irrigation facility was not available.
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