Summary.-Bronchial cancer is a disease of high and increasing annual incidence in Hong Kong, especially in women, whose age-specific death rates from this cause are amongst the highest in the world.A case-control study of the relationship of bronchial cancer with smoking was carried out during 1976-77, taking particular note of the histological type of the tumour. Two hundred and eight male and 189 female patients were interviewed, covering about half the total number of cases of bronchial cancer registered as dead from the disease in Hong Kong during the period of the survey. The association with smoking was more evident in males than in females, and in squamous and small-cell types, as a group, than in adenocarcinoma. Forty-four per cent of the women with bronchial cancer were non-smokers, their predominant tumour being adenocarcinoma, and in them no association could be detected with place of residence or occupation. There was no strong evidence of an association with the use of kerosene or gas for cooking; 23 did not use kerosene. The cause of the cancer in these nonsmoking women remains unknown.

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SummaryThe clinical feaitures of thrush napkin rashes are described; yeasts were isolated from 42 out of 47 cases so diagnosed in one year.The condition is common. Of the babies born in an obstetric hospital, 3%0 were known to have been affected by the age of 6 months. Thrush infection should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of napkin rashes. Treatment is described and some aetiological factors are considered.It is emphasized that oral thrush was present in less than one-third of the cases.There was a significantly increased incidence of vaginal thrush in the mothers of babies with thrush napkin rashes.I wish to thank Dr. R. E. Bonham Carter and Dr. B. E. Schlesinger for permission to publish this paper, and Dr. E. Joan Stokes for the bacteriological investigations. I am grateful to the sister in charge of the child welfare department and the sisters of the obstetric hospital for their interest and co-operation.

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