This study assessed the impacts of essential oils (EOs) consisting of 4.5 g cinnamaldehyde and 13.5 g thymol per 100 g of EOs as phytogenic growth promoters in broiler diet. A total of 216, one-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly allotted into six groups, each with six replicates. The 1st group was fed a basal diet (Control) without supplementation; the 2nd group was fed the basal diet including zinc bacitracin (ZnB); the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th groups were fed the basal diet including EOs at 25 (EOs_25), 50 (EOs_50), 100 (EOs_100) and 150 (EOs_150) mg/kg diet, respectively. The group EOs_150 showed significantly increased (p < .05) body weight gain (BWG), enhanced feed conversion rate (FCR) and production efficiency index (PEI) compared to the other groups, except for EOs_100. Increasing concentrations of EOs above 25 mg/kg significantly (p < .05) increased protein, lipid and fibre digestibility; the addition of EOs also increased the amount of edible parts and dressing percentage of carcases. Diets EOs_100 and EOs_150 resulted in significantly increased plasma total protein and globulin levels, while EOs_150 led to higher plasma glucose concentrations. From the findings, supplementation with 100 mg/kg EOs in encapsulated, heat-stable forms could be used as an alternative growth promoter to ZnB in broiler chickens.HIGHLIGHT Essential oils can replace antibiotic in broiler nutrition with no adverse effects on growth performance. Essential oils improved total edible parts and dressing percentage. Essential oils enhanced digestibility of protein, lipid and fibre. Thus essential oils contained of 4.5 g cinnamaldehyde and 13.5 g thymol per 100 g can be used at 100 mg/kg feed as alternative growth promoter for broilers chickens.

The aim of this work was to study the continuous or intermittent impact of a multienzyme supplement on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites of broilers, and to evaluate production index of dietary supplementation. A total of 315 unsexed day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly distributed to seven treatments groups, keeping initial body weights similar, in 35-floor pens (replicates) of nine chicks per replicate (pen) and five experimental units per treatment. All experimental groups were fed the same basal diet and administered seven multienzyme treatments: the 1st group (control) did not receive any enzyme supplementation; the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th groups were administered multienzymes at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mL/L drinking water, respectively. Each enzyme supplemented-group was divided into two subgroups, with additives being applied either continuously (24 h/day) or intermittently (12 h/day) from 1 to 35 days old. Regardless of administration method, multienzyme supplements at 1.0 mL/L water along with a corn-soybean meal diet increased the body weight gain (BWG) by 7.8% compared to 0.5 mL/L water during days 1–21 of age. In addition, 1.5 mL/L water significantly improved BWG by 5.1% of broilers compared to 0.5 mL/L water during days 1–35 of age. Enzyme supplementation at 1.5 mL/L water significantly enhanced feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 4.3% during days 1–21 of age, and FCR by 5.2% and European production index (EPI) by 10.4% during days 1–35 of age compared to the group on 0.5 mL/L water. For the whole period, there were improvements of beneficial consideration in BWG (4.0%), FCR (4.0%), and European production index (8.2%) due to continuous multienzyme supplementation at 0.5 mL/L water compared to the same dose added intermittently. A similar trend was observed due to intermittent multienzymes at 1 mL/L drinking water that resulted in increased BWG by (6.4%) and improved FCR by (6.7%) and EPI by (12.7%). Intermittent administration significantly increased feed intake of broilers during 22–35 days of age compared to continuous supplementation. Multienzymes at different doses did not significantly affect the digestibility of nutrients, blood serum biochemical constituent, inner body organs, and markers of functions of liver and renal organs. In conclusion, the highest BWG and the best FCR and EPI for the whole period were from broilers given continuous 1 and 1.5 mL/L drinking water or intermittent multienzyme supplementation at 1.5 mL/L drinking water. Furthermore, intermittent supplementation of enzymes at 1 mL/L drinking water and continuous supplementation at 0.5 mL/L drinking water can be investigated in further experiments as a tool to improve broiler growth performance and economic traits and to decrease the cost of enzyme application.

ABSTRACT:This study aimed to investigate the effects of L-carnitine (LC) on productive performance, carcass composition, blood parameters as well as the lipid metabolism, immune response and antioxidative properties of broiler chicks from day 7 to 35 of age. A total of 280 unsexed Cobb chicks were assigned equally into four treatment groups. The first group fed a basal diet (control), while the other three groups were fed basal diet supplemented with 50, 100 and 150 mg of LC/ kg diet. Supplementation of LC to diets significantly increased BW, BWG, decreased FI and improved FCR, economical efficiency and production index. Where, Chicks fed basal diet supplemented with 50 mg of LC had significantly higher final BW and BWG, lower FI and better values of FCR, economical efficiency and production index followed by those fed basal diet supplemented with 100 and 150 mg LC compared to the control group. Treated groups significantly decreased serum urea, creatinine, alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) while increased glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total protein, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione (GSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC's), white blood cell (WBC's), lymphocyte, globulin, α -globulin, globulin -β and globulin-γ, immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM and IgA), bactriocide activity (BA), lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), phagocytic activity (PA) and index (PI) compared to control group. Feeding diet with LC significantly increased carcass dressing and total edible parts and decreased abdominal fat compared to the control. In conclusion: L-carnitine supplementation to broiler diets improved productive performance, economical efficiency, immune response and antioxidative properties of broiler.

ne hundred and twenty unsexed one-day-old Cobb broiler chicks were randomly distributed into four groups (5 replicates per group) to study the effect of multienzymes and/or probiotics supplementation on productive performance and nutrients digestibility of broiler chickens. The first group was used as control and fed the basal diet without supplementation, while, chicks in the 2nd ,3rd and 4th groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with multienzymes (Avizyme at 0.20 g/kg diet), probiotics (Biacton at 0.50 g/kg diet) and multienzymes plus probiotics (0.20 g Avizyme /kg diet + 0.50g/kg Biacton), respectively. Body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), and feed intake (FI) were recorded. Feed conversion rate (FCR), production index and economical efficiency were calculated. At the end of the experiment a digestibility trial was carried out. Results showed that the chickens fed diet supplemented with multienzymes and probiotics during days 22-35 and 0-35 of age had significantly higher BWG and FI and better FCR followed by those fed diet supplemented with either multienzymes or probiotics compared to those fed control diet. The multienzymes and/or probiotics supplementation had significantly improved the digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) compared to the control. In addition, dietary supplementation with multienzymes plus probiotics or multienzymes alone had significantly improved the digestibility of crude fiber (CF) compared to the control. Chicks fed diet supplemented with multienzymes plus probiotics had significantly better production index and economical efficiency followed by those fed diet supplemented with multienzymes or probiotics alone compared to those fed the control diet. In conclusion: multienzyme and /or probiotics are good growth stimulators to the broiler chicks and can be added together to the diet to improve productive performance and feed utilization.

This study aimed to evaluate impact of enzymes mixture (EZ) addition to diets containing date stones meal (DSM) on body weight, blood parameters, immune response and carcass characteristics of growing rabbits. Seventy-five New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits,28 days of age with average weight 491±2.77g, were randomly divided into fiveexperimental groups. The 1 st group was fed control diet (Diet A) contained 0% DSM and served as a control. The 2 nd , 3 rd groups, were fed diets contained 10% DSM either without (Diet B) or with EZ (1 g/ Kg diet) diet addition (Diet C), respectively. The 4 th and 5 th groups, were fed diets contained20% DSM either without (Diet D) or with EZ (1 g/ Kg diet) addition (Diet E), respectively. At the end of the experimental period five rabbits from each groupwere taken to determine carcass characteristics, blood parameters and meat quality. Percentages of dressing were significantly (P<0.05) higher in rabbits fed 10% DSM+ EZ than the other groups. The protein and lipid percentage of meat were significantly higher in rabbit fed A, C and E diets than those fed Diet D, the levels of glucose, total lipid, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and RBC's were significantly (P<0.05) higher, whereas GPX and SOD percentages were lower (P<0.05) in rabbits fed A or C diets than the other groups. Higher values of α-globulin, BA and LTT were recorded with rabbits fed A, B or C diets compared with other groups. IgA, IgM and IgG were significantly higher in rabbits fed A, C or E diets than the other groups. No significant differences were 486 EL-KELAWY AND EL-SHAFEY recorded in creatinine, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphates, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, TAC, GSH, globulin, globulin-γ, LA, PI and PA, hematological criteria and differential leucocytes counts among the different groups. Total bacterial, Salmonella, E. Coli and Proteus bacterial counts were significantly lower in rabbits fed B, C, D or E diets than the control group. In conclusion, date stones meal can be included in rabbit diets up to 10% with adding enzyme complex (Kemzyme) without any adverse effects on body weights, blood parameters, immune index, carcass characteristics and meat quality.

he aim of this study was to investigate the responses of growth performance, digestibility and blood biochemistry to the dose and administration method of enzymes. A total of 150 unsexed 1-dold Arbor Acres broiler chickens were divided equally among 5 dietary treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and five chickens each. All experimental groups were fed the same basal diet and given 5 multienzyme treatments: The 1 st group, the control group, did not receive multienzyme supplementations. The 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th and 5 th groups were given multienzyme in water at 100 and 150% of the recommended dosage in drinking water given either continuously or intermittently methods, respectively. In the continuous method, the multienzyme is added to the water over the day. While, in intermittently method, the multienzyme is added to the water over the day followed by day off during the 1 st through the 35 th days of age. The addition of multienzyme either at 100 or 150% to water improves the growth performance and nutrient digestibility i.e. dry matter, crude protein and ether extract of broiler chickens compared with the control. However, 100% of multienzyme resulted in the best growth performance than that 150% multienzyme group. Intermittently administration exhibited significantly better growth performance and nutrient digestibility i.e. dry matter and NFE than those given multienzyme with continuously administration way. There were no significant effects of the multienzymes dose and the administration methods on carcass characteristics and blood biochemical constituents except triglycerides and creatinine. In conclusion, broilers received multienzymes at 100% intermittently in water exhibited significantly higher growth rate and significantly the best FCR. Production index was also the best of this group.

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