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A reliable and valid conversion factor of 4 cm following TN manometry permits accurate TO placement of the Bravo capsule without endoscopy. TO, unsedated Bravo placement is safe, well tolerated, and may minimize costs and potential risks associated with endoscopy.

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Introduction:To test the hypothesis that the fall in haemoglobin following total hip arthroplasty is reduced by tranexamic acid administration. Patients and Methods: A cohort of 64 patients were studied, 32 received tranexamic acid 20 mg/kg on induction. Surgery was performed by the senior author in a standardised fashion. Haemoglobin levels were measured 2 weeks pre-and 3 days postoperatively. Any complications were noted. The study group was matched using the bone and joint research database for age, sex, procedure, disease and pre-operative haemoglobin level. Results: In the group receiving no tranexamic acid, the mean fall in haemoglobin was 3.8 g/dl (CI of mean 3.4-4.3) and in the group treated with tranexamic acid 2.8 g/dl (CI of mean 2.5-3.2) P < 0.05. Complications included one non-fatal pulmonary embolus in the tranexamic acid group. Conclusions: The administration of 20 mg/kg of tranexamic acid on induction of surgery is an effective method of reducing the haemoglobin fall following hip arthroplasty.

Nine of the fifteen patients had a poor result that warranted revision surgery within two years of prosthesis implantation. We conclude that in our hands the results of femoral resurfacing hemiarthroplasty are unpredictable and advise caution when recommending the procedure to patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. (Hip International 2004; 14: 174-81).