Extraordinary Hall effect and x-ray spectroscopy measurements have been performed on a series of Pt/Co/MOx trilayers (M=Al, Mg, Ta, etc.) in order to investigate the role of oxidation in the onset of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at the Co/MOx interface. It is observed that varying the plasma oxidation time modifies the magnetic properties of the Co layer, inducing a magnetic anisotropy crossover from in plane to out of plane. We focused on the influence of plasma oxidation on Pt/Co/AlOx perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The interfacial electronic structure is analyzed via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. It is shown that the maximum of out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy corresponds to the appearance of a significant density of Co–O bondings at the Co/AlOx interface.

The surface electronic states of W(110)-(1 x 1)H have been measured using spin- and angle-resolved photoemission. We directly demonstrate that the surface bands are both split and spin-polarized by the spin-orbit interaction in association with the loss of inversion symmetry near a surface. We observe 100% spin polarization of the surface states, with the spins aligned in the plane of the surface and oriented in a circular fashion relative to the Smacr; symmetry point. In contrast, no measurable polarization of nearby bulk states is observed.

Design of a beamline for soft and deep lithography on third generation synchrotron radiation source Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 1605 (1999); 10.1063/1.1149640Reuse of AIP Publishing content is subject to the terms at: https://publishing.aip.org/authors/rights-and-permissions. We report the main characteristics of the advanced photoelectric effect experiments beamline, operational at Elettra storage ring, featuring a fully independent double branch scheme obtained by the use of chicane undulators and able to keep polarization control in both linear and circular mode. The paper describes the novel technical solutions adopted, namely, ͑a͒ the design of a quasiperiodic undulator resulting in optimized suppression of higher harmonics over a large photon energy range ͑10-100 eV͒, ͑b͒ the thermal stability of optics under high heat load via cryocoolers, and ͑c͒ the end station interconnected setup allowing full access to off-beam and on-beam facilities and, at the same time, the integration of users' specialized sample growth chambers or modules.

We report x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry experiments to study magnetic order and coupling in thin Fe/(Ga, Mn)As(100) films. We observe induced magnetic order in the (Ga, Mn)As layer that extends over more than 2 nm, even at room temperature. We find spectroscopic evidences of a hybridized d configuration of Mn atoms in Fe/(Ga, Mn)As, with negligible Mn diffusion and/or MnFe intermixing. We show by experiment as well as by theory that the magnetic moment of the Mn ions couples antiparallel to the moment of the Fe overlayer.

X-ray spectroscopy measurements have been performed on a series of Pt∕Co∕AlOx trilayers to investigate the role of Co oxidation in the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at the Co∕AlOx interface. It is observed that varying the degree of oxidation modifies the magnetic properties of the Co layer, inducing a magnetic anisotropy crossover from in plane to out of plane. The microscopic structural properties are analyzed via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. It is shown that increasing the oxidation time enhances the amount of interfacial oxide, which may be at the origin of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.

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The spin-split Fermi level crossings of the conduction band in Ni are mapped out by high-resolution photoemission and compared to the equivalent crossing in Cu. The area of the quasiparticle peak decreases rapidly below Ef in Ni, but not in Cu. Majority spins have larger spectral weight at Ef than minority spins, thereby enhancing the spin-polarization beyond that expected from the density of states. A large part of the effect can be traced to a rapid variation of the matrix element with k at the point where the s,p-band begins to hybridize with the dz 2 state. However, it is quite possible that the intensity drop in Ni is reinforced by a transfer of spectral weight from single-particle to many-electron excitations. The results suggest that the matrix element should be considered for explaining the enhanced spin polarization observed for Ni in spin-polarized tunneling.

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