The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (which is a merger of former Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe and Karlsruhe University) is responsible for the design, construction and testing of the high temperature superconductor (HTS) current leads for the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) which is presently under construction at the Greifswald branch of the Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics. The current leads are of the binary type, the HTS part covering the temperature range between 4.5 K and 60 K while the heat exchanger covers the range between 60 K and room temperature being cooled by 50 K He. In total 2 prototypes and 14 series current leads are required with a nominal current of 14 kA and a maximum current of 18.2 kA. The paper describes the design and first test results of the prototype HTS current leads.Index Terms-Current leads, fusion magnets, high temperature superconductor, Wendelstein 7-X.
BackgroundPrevalence of neural tube defects (NTD) has not decreased in Germany despite longstanding recommendations for folic acid supplementation. To examine the prevalence of periconceptional folic acid supplement use and associated factors among German women of reproductive age.MethodsCross‐sectional survey was conducted in hospital‐based maternity units in rural Germany. A sample of 1,004 women of reproductive age, either pregnant or in their early postpartum period, took interviewer/self‐administered paper‐based survey questionnaire. Prevalence of periconceptional folic acid supplement use was assessed, where periconception was defined as 1 month prior to and 3 months post‐conception. Prevalence odds ratios (POR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using crude and adjusted logistic regression analysis were estimated to examine determinants of folic acid supplement use.ResultsPrevalence of folic acid supplement use was 41.5% (95% CI: 37.7%, 45.7%). Multivariable analysis showed lack of educational qualifications, unplanned pregnancy, later diagnosis of pregnancy, increased parity, and not having an awareness of importance of folic acid for optimal pregnancy outcomes were associated with not taking periconceptional folic acid supplements. Books, doctors, friends, media, were sources of information.ConclusionPericonceptional folic acid is sub‐optimal in rural Germany and thus failing to prevent NTDs. Targeted promotion of folic acid supplement use should be conducted periodically by gynecologists and primary care physicians during annual medical screenings. Mandatory folic acid fortification of staple foods is a complementary approach to overcome limitations of individual behaviors of folic acid supplement intake, and should be considered as it has been proven effective in multiple countries.
The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) is responsible for the design, construction and testing of the high temperature superconductor (HTS) current leads for the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) which is presently under construction at the Greifswald branch of the Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics. Because the W7-X current leads are mounted with the warm end at the bottom a special test cryostat has been built and is attached to the main cryostat of the TOSKA facility of KIT. Two prototypes of these current leads are tested in this cryostat under W7-X relevant conditions. The test conditions with respect to cryogenic, control, current supply, data acquisition and quench detection of the test setup for the prototype test at TOSKA is described. The performance of the MC plug used to power the HTS current leads is described in detail.
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