Intercropping system is a common method and it can increase the productivity, use efficiency of irrigation water and land and improve soil fertility. Therefore, the current investigation was conducted during 2016/2017, 2017/2018 and 2019/2020 seasons to study the effect of intercropping faba bean (main crop) -onion (secondary crop) on the yield and yield components and nutrient uptake. The experiment design was a randomized complete blocks, with three replicates. The experiment included 11 treatments of cropping system (sole faba bean, sole onion, 1faba bean:1 onion, 1faba bean:2onion, 1faba bean:3onion, 2faba bean:1onion, 2faba bean:2onion, 2faba bean:3onion, 3faba bean:1onion, 3faba bean:2onion and 3faba bean:3onion). Results showed that 1faba bean :3onion was not significantly different as compred, with sole onion and recorded the highest value of vegetative parameters; plant height (cm), leaf number, bulb diameter (cm) and plant fresh weight (g). Same trend was observed for yield and yield components, and nutrient uptake compared to other intercropping systems. However, regarding to faba bean vegetative characters, 3faba bean :1onion gave the greatest value with no significant difference comparing with sole faba bean and other intercropping systems treatments. Similar trend was observed for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake. Among all intercropping and sole faba bean treatments, 3faba bean:1onion recorded significant increase in total yield of faba bean with an increase percentage 13.51%, 16.55% and 13.84% during 1 st , 2 nd , and 3 rd seasons, respectively. Moreover, the highest land equivalent ratio was obtained with 3faba bean:1onion in the three seasons, which were 1.249, 1.248 and 1.275, respectively. This was followed by 1faba bean: 3onion, which were 0.999, 0.923 and 1.005 in the 2016/2017, 2017/2018 and 2019/2020 seasons, respectively. Taken together, the intercropping system of 3faba bean:1onion or 1faba bean: 3onion could be againful model to obtain the greatest use efficiency of land and irrigation water.

The study was conducted to investigate the influence of moringa leaf extract, humic acid, seaweed and NPK (mineral fertilizers) as foliar fertilization on the yield and storability of onion (Giza 6 cultivar) during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons. Our results indicated that there were significant differences among the twelve fertilization treatments for yield and storability parameters in both seasons. Results revealed that yield and its components increased by foliar application of NPK 2000 ppm + Moringa leaf extract 5% (T9) treatment. The highest means of bulb fresh weight i.e., (102.87 and 99.97 g) were obtained from treatment of NPK 2000 ppm + Moringa leaf extract 5% (T9) ,while the lowest average bulb fresh weight (69.60 and 70.50) was recorded under control (without fertilizers) treatment, in the first and second seasons, respectively. Total yield increased by 40.66% and 47.66% in the two seasons respectively by applying NPK 2000 ppm + Moringa leaf extract 5% (T9) treatment as a foliar application. On the other hand, Moringa leaf extract 5% (T3), seaweed 3% (T5), and NPK 500 ppm+ Moringa leaf extract 5% (T6) treatments have a positive effect on marketable yield percentage. Cull yields % due to foliar application with seaweed 3% (T5) or NPK 500 ppm+ Moringa leaf extract 5% (T6) treatment recorded the lowest value while, foliar application with NPK 2000 ppm (T2) gave the highest cull yield %. Weight loss % was affected by storage period and treatments. For all treatments, the weight loss increased during the storage period .

The current study was performed at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University during 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons in order to evaluate response of onion cv. Giza 6 to some organic fertilizers, i.e., cattle manure and poultry manure in addition to mineral fertilizers as control treatment. The results obtained showed that the vegetative growth characters and yield components of onion plants were significantly influenced by fertilizers kinds. Combination of poultry manure at 75% of recommended fertilizers and 25% of mineral fertilizers recorded the highest values for both vegetative growth characters and yield components, i.e., plant height, leaves number, plant fresh and dry weight, crop growth rate, bulb fresh weight, bulb diameter, bulb dry matter, marketable yield and total yield in a comparison to mineral fertilizers (control) in both seasons. While, the content of chlorophyll a, b, total carotenoids, N, P and K in onion leaves and vitamin C, sulfur volatile oil and TSS in onion bulb were increased significantly by application of poultry manure at 25% of recommended fertilizers plus 75% of mineral fertilizers compared to mineral fertilizers (control) in both seasons. It can be concluded that application of poultry manure at 75% of recommended fertilizers plus 25% of mineral fertilizers increased growth , yield and improved bulb quality of onion plants cv. Giza 6 under the New Valley Governorate conditions.