The brown brocket deer Mazama gouazoubira is 1 of the 10 recognized brocket deer of the Neotropical region. Recently, this species has suffered a population decline due to current threats, mainly poaching and habitat loss. Several studies have shown that some endangered species can benefit from interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer technology through the use of their somatic cells, such as the fibroblasts. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the viability and the effect of cryopreservation on fibroblasts after several passages. For this purpose, fibroblast cells were cultured until passages 4, 7, and 10 (cultured control groups) and cryopreserved in cryotubes (frozen/warmed groups). The cellular viability, functionality, and percentage of cells undergoing necrosis and apoptosis were evaluated. The survival rates were always higher than 80% irrespective of the tested group, except for passage 10 in the frozen/warmed group. Population doubling time of cultured cells from passage 10 was significantly higher than that of passages 4 and 7, exhibiting low metabolic activity and a higher percentage of cells in initial apoptosis. In conclusion, the M. gouazoubira fibroblast-derived cell line provides an essential resource for further studies regarding reproductive biotechniques and is likely to be useful as an ex situ conservation strategy.
Goats (n = 12) undergoing laparoscopy assisted embryo transfer were randomly allotted to two groups (I and II) and injected same volume of ropivacaine hydrochloride at 1.0 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg body weight, respectively, at the lumbosacral epidural space. The hind quarters of all the animals were lifted up for the first 3.0 minutes following injection. Immediately after induction the animals were restrained in dorsal recumbency in Trendelenburg position in a cradle. Laparoscopy was performed after achieving pneumoperitoneum using filtered room air. Regional analgesia and changes in physiological parameters were recorded. The mean induction time in animals of group I (n = 6) was 12.666 ± 1.994 minutes. In these animals the analgesia extended up to the umbilical region and lasted for 60 minutes. Only two animals in group II were satisfactorily induced in 11.333 ± 2.333 minutes. In animals of group I, the time taken for regaining the full motor power was significantly long (405 ± 46.314 min) when compared to group II goats (95 ± 9.219 min). From this study it was concluded that ropivacaine did not produce adequate analgesia in most of the goats at 0.5 mg/kg. When used at 1.0 mg/kg, it produced satisfactory regional analgesia lasting for one hour but the prolonged motor loss precludes its use. Additional studies using ropivacaine hydrochloride at doses in between the two extremes used here may be undertaken before recommending it for lumbosacral anaesthesia in goats undergoing laparoscopy.
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