No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

General analytical cross sections are derived from first principles, using the classical binary encounter approximation, for electron-impact double ionization of atoms with atomic number Z20 and s or d outer shells with two electrons. The cross sections are compared with their measured values for the ionization of Ca(Z = 20), Sr(Z = 38), Ba(Z = 56), and Hg(Z = 80) atoms in their ground states.

No abstract

No abstract