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This chapter focuses on five phytophagous mites that were reported in South America during the last decade and that were considered relevant due to their current or potential socioeconomic importance and/or their invasive history: the Hindustan Citrus Mite, Schizotetranychus hindustanicus; the Lychee Erinose Mite, Aceria litchii; the Red Palm Mite, Raoiella indica; the Wheat Curl Mite, Aceria tosichella; and the Panicle Rice Mite, Steneotarsonemus spinki. Information is given on their taxonomy, distribution and invasion history, host plants, and economic impact on past and recently affected areas of these invasive mites. A brief review of morphological and biological aspects, symptoms, detection and control tactics (including chemical, biological, cultural, and host plant resistance) in use or of potential for these invasive mites, is also presented.

RESUMO Ceraeochrysa claveri Navás (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) é um predador encontrado em vários agroecossistemas, predando insetos pequenos e de tegumento mole. Seu alto potencial reprodutivo e elevada capacidade de busca o tornam capazes de predar ovos e larvas de

RESUMO A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Cidade de Recife-PE, com o objetivo de avaliar a ação inseticida, insetistática e repelente de extratos aquosos de duas essências florestais sobre ovos, ninfas e adultos de

The use of predatory mites as the sole management tactic in biological control programmes frequently does not fully and reliably prevents damage of phytophagous mites on plants. Therefore, as an alternative, the integration of predatory mites with acaricides can provide more effective control of phytophagous mites than that of the predators only. However, for such integration, acaricides minimal negative impacts on predatory mites are required. In this study, we evaluated the sublethal effects of three acaricides on the foraging behaviour of Neoseiulus baraki (AthiasHenriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in a coconut production system. The acaricides were assessed for interference with the location of prey habitat using a Y-tube olfactometer and for interference with the location of the prey colony within the habitat using a video-tracking system. In addition to the choice of odour source, the time required and the distance walked to make the choice were assessed. The acaricides tested were abamectin, azadirachtin and fenpyroximate. The predatory mite preferred coconuts infested with the coconut mite Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) over uninfested coconuts when not exposed to acaricides. However, when exposed to acaricides, the predator did not distinguish between infested and uninfested fruits. When exposed to abamectin, N. baraki spent more time resting and walked greater distances before making the choice of an odour source. Thus, the acaricides impair the ability of the predatory mite N. baraki to locate a prey habitat and to locate a prey within that habitat. The acaricides differentially affected prey foraging by interfering with odour perception.

Efeito de Extratos Etanólicos de Folhas e Ramos de Quatro Espécies do Gênero CrotonABSTRACT -The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is one of the principal agricultural pests, infesting important crops such as cotton, grapes and tomatoes. In recent years, studies with the objective of using plant extracts as an alternative pest control are being intensified, showing to be a promising alternative and attracting the interest of a growing number of scientists. The present study aimed to evaluate the residual effect of 1% ethanol extracts of leaves and branches of four species of the genus Croton (C. rhamnifolius Kunth, C. sellowii Baill, C. jacobinensis Baillon, C. micans (Baill)) on the spider mite T. urticae. Leaf disks with the mites were immersed for five seconds in the extracts. It could be verified that the leaf extract of C. sellowii caused 69% mortality and the leaf extract of C. jacobinensis was not toxic to the spider mite. From the experiments it was concluded that the fecundity of the mites was affected and that the extracts were repellent at a concentration of 1%.KEY-WORDS: two-spotted spider mite, botanical acaricide, repellence; Croton spp.The uncontrolled use of insecticides in plantations has caused serious damage to the environment (Roel 2001). Therefore, many works are being done to find natural compounds with insecticidal properties (Oliveira et al. 1999, Pontes et al. 2007a, 2007b. In this context the study of the toxic effects of plant extracts on phytophagous mites is interesting , Jones et al. 1996. The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is considered one of the most important agricultural pests, infesting crops including cotton, tomatoes and grapes (Moraes & Flechtmann 2008).As an alternative for synthetic insecticides, plant extracts were heavily investigated in recent years as a source of bioactive substances (Barakat et al. 1986a(Barakat et al. , 1986b, Potenza et . 1999a. , 1999b. , Pontes et al. 2007c. Among native species with recognised insecticidal potential, those of the genus Croton are outstanding. Species of this genus are common in various biomes of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Species of Croton are popularly known as "marmeleiro" or "velame" and many are used as drugs for the treatment of hypertension, ulcers and as anti-inflammatories (Maciel et al. 2000, Abdel Gadir et al. 2003, Nardi et al. 2003, Suárez et al. 2003, Guerrero et al. 2004, Lopes e Lopes et al. 2004).The search for insecticidal properties in medicinal plants is growing in the last few years and shows to be a promising alternative (Alexander et al. 1991, Roel 2001, Park et al. 2002. Croton cajucara Benth and C. linearis Jacquin have shown medicinal properties (Maciel et al. 2000, Almeida et al. 2003, Guerrero et al. 2004 and from these species secondary compounds with insecticidal properties were isolated (Kubo et al. 1991, Alexander et al. 1991. According to literature, no works on the acaricidal activity of the species C. jacobinensis, C. sellowii, C. rhamnifolius and C. micans ha...

The cultivation of tropical fruit trees has grown considerably in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. Some of these have been severely attacked by phytophagous mites, which are usually controlled by the use of chemical pesticides. However, there is today a growing interest for the adoption of less aggressive measures of pest control, as for example the use of predatory mites. Most of the plant-inhabiting predatory mites belong to the family Phytoseiidae. The objective of this paper is to report the phytoseiid species found in an intensive survey conducted on cultivated tropical fruit trees in fifteen localities of the southern coast of Bahia. Measurements of relevant morphological characters are provided for each species, to complement the understanding of the morphological variation of these species. Twenty-nine species of sixteen genera were identified. A key was elaborated to assist in the separation of these species. Fifteen species are reported for the first time in the state, raising to sixty-six the number of species of this family now known from Bahia. Seventy-two percent of the species collected belong to Amblyseiinae, followed by Typhlodrominae (21%) and Phytoseiinae (7%). The most diverse genus was Amblyseius. Amblyseius operculatus De Leon was the most frequent and abundant species. Studies should be conducted to evaluate the possible role of the most common predators as control agents of the phytophagous mites co-occurring with them.

This is the first record of Tenuipalpus uvae De Leon (Tenuipalpidae) in Brazil. Specimens were collected from Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) in the states of Amapá (northern Brazil) and Pernambuco (northeast).