Since usage-based theories such as cognitive grammar assume an intimate relationship between mental representations of grammar and the processing of instances of language (usage events), corpora have an important role in the development of grammatical analyses. One consequence of relying on corpus data is that individual differences in usage tend to be obscured. To overcome this problem and investigate individual differences in spoken usage, we examine a large corpus consisting of the spoken output of six White House press secretaries. The results provide strong evidence that within this one particular discourse context the patterns of speech of each individual are clearly recognisable. Furthermore, these idiolectal preferences are consistent and are maintained over a period of at least a year or two. In addition, we briefly explore some theoretical consequences and possible explanations for the disparity found between the speech of the individual and that of the discourse community.
In this paper intuition-based studies of reflexive forms such as myself are contrasted with a corpus-based investigation of actual usage of reflexives. The examination of reflexives in English in several corpora reveals a variety of patterns, which are analysed within a schema-based approach to grammar (Barlow and Kemmer 1994). This approach follows the cognitive/functional tradition of grammatical analysis in viewing all grammatical units as composed of form-meaning pairings.The paper demonstrates that a schema-based approach is well-suited to the task of describing the major and minor patterns of use revealed by corpus analysis. The importance of text analysis in language teaching is highlighted and connections between the schema-based grammatical formalism and data-driven approaches to second language learning (Johns 1991b) are briefly explored.
Trifluoronitrosomethane reacts with butadiene a t -78' to give 3,6-dihydro-2-trifluoromethyl-1,2-oxazine almost quantitatively; hydrogenation or bromination converts this into tetrahydro-2-trifluoromethyl-1,Z-oxazine and its 4,5-dibromo-derivative, respectively. Trifluoronitrosomethane reacts with isobutene to give N-2-methallyl-N-trifluoromethylhydroxylamine.AROMATIC nitroso-compounds or tertiary aliphatic nitroso-compounds containing electronegative a-substituents undergo what is formally a Diels-Alder reaction with hydrocarbon dienes to yield dihydro-l,2-0xazines.~ Trifluoronitrosomethane similarly reacts with
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