‘Neuro-Behçet’ is not a rare disease in the United Arab Republic, as it was possible to detect 22 cases in just 3 years. The detection of the true incidence of Behçet syndrome and the true percentage of ‘Neuro-Behçet’ depends on the combined search by all specialists concerned. The similarity between the presenting clinical pictures and the accepted, though sometimes etiologically vague, clinical syndromes is discussed in an attempt to render the consideration of ‘neuro-Behçet’ in differential diagnosis reasonably acceptable. This consideration is justified in the presence of the oro-genital and ocular manifestations, or a history thereof. The mere affection of the nervous system does not indicate a bad prognosis. The prognosis depends, as in many other neurological diseases, on the site of the lesion. Initial big doses of systemic steroids, with a permanent maintenance dose, are recommended. Further evidence is discussed favouring autoimmune pathogenesis, possibly triggered by a virus infection.
Kepulauan Karimun Jawa Jepara Jawa Tengah sangat terkenal akan kekayaan sumberdaya alam yang ada di dalam laut. Jenis-jenis biota yang beragam hidup di dalamnya.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kelimpahan teripang pada lokasi rataan terumbu karang dan lereng terumbu karang serta mengetahui hubungan antara kelimpahan teripang dengan penutupan terumbu karang di lokasi penelitian. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode line transek.Hasil penelitian didapatkan prosentase penutupan karang hidup pada rataan terumbu karang 65,69 % dan pada lereng 69,26 %. Kelimpahan individu teripang pada daerah rataan terumbu karang 37 ind/ 300 m2 dan pada lereng terumbu karang 11 ind/ 300 m2. Berdasarkan hasil Uji Test “T” di dapatkan kelimpahan jenis teripang yang paling banyak adalah pada stasiun A rataan terumbu karang.
Several previous studies described that radiation neutrons are produced by 10 MV X-ray beams operated linac. This study was performed to exercise the characteristic of profile and neutron depth dose for 15 MV X-ray beams and also to evaluate the contribution of neutron dose to the patient. The experiment used Linac iX with 15 MV X-ray beam, TLD-100, TLD-600, and phantom. The phantom was designed to evaluate the dose profile at cross-plane and diagonal axis. TLDs were calibrated separately by gamma and neutron sources. Gamma calibration was carried out using 137Cs source whereas neutron calibration was done using 252Cf source at BATAN Facility. Neutron dose equivalents were calculated on cross-plane and diagonal axis in 10 cm × 10 cm fields at 15 positions from the central axis, on the phantom surface and depths of 2 cm, 3 cm, and 15 cm. The percentage maximum neutron dose equivalent distributions were obtained around of 3 cm depth for cross-plane and diagonal axis. Furthermore, the dose profile of neutron at different depths and off-axis position are not symmetrical. Neutron dose in out-of-field had no significant response compared to the in-field. The relative neutron dose in out-of-field is 27% and 24% normalized to the maximum neutron dose at each depth on cross-plane and diagonal axis respectively.
This study aimed to make in-house dynamic thorax phantom that simulate translational and rotational direction mimicking NSCLC target movement. In addition,this study also investigate dosimetric effect of target movement for several translational amplitude. This work used in-house dynamic thorax phantom based on CIRS Dynamic Thorax Phantom model 008A. This phantom simulated translation in superior-inferior direction, rotational in the anterior-posterior and left-right lateral plane to mimic human respiratory motion. It was designed and controlled by linear actuator motor, servo motor, Adafruit motor shield L293D and Arduino UNO R3. It was implemented to evaluate point dose of 3D-CRT, IMRT, VMAT technique and for 5 mm; 10 mm; 15 mm translational motion amplitude 90° rotational target motion amplitude. The GafChromic EBT 3 film was used as a dosimeter for point dose measurement. This in-house dynamic thorax phantom can mimicking NSCLC target movement for translational amplitude 5 ± 1 mm; 10 ± 1 mm; 15 ± 1 mm and rotational amplitude 90° ± 3°. The average dose deviation of target dose (centre and peripheral) of TPS dose planning and target motion measurement on 3DCRT with 5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm were 3.2%, 3.1%, and 1.8% respectively, and dose deviation on IMRT were 3.9%, 2.5%, and 2.8%, while dose deviation on VMAT treatment were 4.2%, 4.6%, and 6.1% respectively. The preliminary result supported the previous work by Mukhlisin. Furthermore, rotational movement of phantom contributed in average of 1.5% compare to translational movement only.
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