Microbial keratitis is a major risk for corneal blindness worldwide. We aimed to study the clinical presentation and outcome of hospitalized patients having infective corneal ulcers. All patients who were diagnosed as microbial keratitis and were admitted to Al-Ain Hospital during the period July 2011-Dec 2016 were retrospectively studied. Patients’ demography, predisposing factors, symptoms and signs at presentation, time to presentation after onset of symptoms, microbial isolates, hospital stay, and visual acuity (VA) outcome were studied. 74 patients with corneal ulcers were hospitalized. 79.7% were males. The median (range) age was 44 years (1–91). 36.5% had trauma as a risk factor. The main presenting symptoms were pain (90.5%), red eye (79.7%), and decreased vision (63.5%). All patients had stromal infiltrate while 39.2% had hypopyon at presentation. The average time from the start of the symptoms to hospital presentation was 11 (1–90) days. The mean (range) hospital stay was 10.6 (1–60) days. Forty eyes were culture positive. Bacteria were identified in 27 eyes and fungus in 16. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9 eyes) and Staphylococcus epidermis (5 eyes) were the most common bacterial islolates. Aspergillus (6 eyes) was the most common fungus species. 95.2% of the bacterial isolates were susceptible to the quinolone antibiotics group. Twenty eight (51.9%) patients had a vision worse than 6/60 in the affected eye. Corneal ulcer poses a significant threat to the sight of an affected eye. Trauma was the most common risk factor for corneal ulcers. Usage of eyes personal protective equipment for high risk occupations and earlier accessibility to health care may reduce the impact of corneal ulcers in our community.

Introduction/Objective Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is one the most prevalent bacterial infection in the world, affecting more than 50% of the world’s population. H. pylori are gram negative bacteria usually found in the stomach, penetrate the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus. After many years, they can cause sores, called ulcers, in the lining of your stomach or the upper part of your small intestine. For some people, an infection can lead to Gastric cancer which is the second most common cancer worldwide Objectives: The aim of this study is to predict the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastrointestinal tract patients in Egypt. Methods Subjects and methods: A total of 1120 patients were enrolled in this study from The Delta region in Egypt. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to detect H. pylori stool Antigen. Among the 1120 patient; 301 patients (26.9%) were males, 510 patients (45.6%) were females and 309 patients (27.5%) were children with age range from 1 years to 76 years. The mean of the age was 8,35,34 for children, males and females respectively. Results The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 52%. Among the 1120 patients, 576 patients (48%) were negative while 624 patients (52%) of the patients were Positive. It was observed that 169 patients (51.6%) of males were positive,275 patients (52.9%) of females were positive and 135 patients (41%) of children were positive. Furthermore, 133 patients (48.4%) of males were negative, 227 patients (47.2%) of females were negative and 181 patients 59% of children are negative. Conclusion This study revealed that the incidence and prevalence rates of H. Pylori in Egypt are relatively high. The high H. pylori prevalence is related to poor standard of living, low socio-economic conditions, poor sanitation and fecal contamination of food or water. It is crucial to launch educational awareness program for H. pylori in Egypt.

Introduction/Objective Bacterial adaptation to antibiotics has been very successful. Over the past decade, the increase in antibiotic resistance has generated considerable medical problems. UTIs are one of the most common community-onset infections. The emergence of resistance to all classes of antibiotics in previously susceptible bacterial pathogens is a major challenge to infectious disease medicine. Thus, it is important that we forcefully implement strategies to reduce the rate of appearance and spread of resistant bacteria to allow new drug discovery to catch up with bacterial resistance development. Objectives: Methods The aim of this study is to predict the percentage of urine cultures antibiotic resistance in patients with UTIs in Egypt. Subjects and methods: A total of 200 subjects were enrolled in this study from The Delta region in Egypt; 38% males and 62% females with a median age of 39 years and 35 years respectively. Identification of the isolated organisms was identified by the cultural characters (Morphological characters of the purified bacterial isolates were carried out according to the colony characters, Gram stain reaction and biochemical tests for each organism using a standard semi-automated technique Results 98 cultures (49%) were observed to have resistance to 3- 5 classes of antibiotics including, 98% Cephalosporins, 85% β-lactam inhibitors and 71% fluoroquinolones; 66 females (57 gram -ve stain and 9 gram +ve stain) and 33 males (27gm -ve stain, 6gm +ve stain). 82 cultures (41%) were not resistant to any classes.; 32 males (28 gram -ve stain and 3 gram +ve stain) and 50 females (45 gram -ve stain and 5 gram +ve stain). 19 cultures (9.5%) were observed to be resistant to all antibiotics.; 12 males (11 gram -ve stain and 1 gram +ve stain) and 7 females (2 gram -ve stain and 5 gram +ve stain). Conclusion This study highlights the highest antibiotic resistance associated with urinary tract infection in Egypt as well as the classification of the organisms. The high resistance percentage is due to the overuse of antibiotics by public and inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. Antibiotics are unregulated and available over the counter without a prescription in Egypt which makes it easily accessible. We recommend regulating the use of antibiotics and lunch antimicrobial stewardship programs in Egypt.