This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of synbiotic and garlic powder as alternatives to antibiotic on growth performance and carcass criteria of Japanese quails until 42 days of age. In a complete randomized block experimental design, a total number of 156 unsexed one-day-old Japanese quails were allocated randomly distributed into three equal groups; treatment group consisted of four replicates of 13 each. All birds were kept under the same managerial conditions. The first group (C) was fed the basal diet with antibiotic (Amoxicillin) 1g/kg diet and served as control, while the second (T1) and the third (T2) groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with synbiotic (PoultryStar ® sol) and garlic powder (Allium sativum) at the level of 1g and 20g/kg diet, respectively. The results indicated that birds fed diet supplemented with 1g synbiotic/kg diet had significant (P≤0.05) higher body weight, daily body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio as compared with T2 and C groups. Group T1 had no mortalities. Carcass, liver, gizzard and giblets percentages were significantly (P<0.05) higher in T1 group compared with other groups, while, the highest value (P≤0.05) of abdominal fat% was obtained in control one. From these results, it could be concluded that the supplementation of 0.1% synbiotic as an alternative to antibiotic in Japanese quails diets were highly recommended to obtain higher growth performance and carcass criteria.
he present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of overdosing of vitamin D3 supplementation on growth performance, carcass parameters and some blood constituents of Japanese quail in one way analysis of variance experiment lasted in 49 days of age. Two hundred and twenty five of one day old of Japanese quail chicks were used. The chicks were distributed into 5 treatments of 3 replicates of 15 birds each. Five levels of vitamin D3 (0, 1500, 3000, 4500 and 6000 ICU/kg diet) were used. The body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly and consequently, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were calculated. At the end of the experiment, three birds from each group were slaughtered to evaluate carcass parts. Blood serum samples were obtained from chicks at 49 days of age after centrifuged to measure total protein, cholesterol, glucose, calcium, phosphorus and GPT. At 49 days of age, the results showed that, the Japanese quail fed the highest level of vitamin D3 (6000 ICU/kg diet) achieved significantly (P<0.05) the highest body weight and body weight gain and the best feed conversion ratio. No significant (P>0.05) effects due to vitamin D3 supplementation were noticed in dressed% and some blood serum parameters were measured. It was recommended that under the present experimental conditions, the overdose of vitamin D3 (6000 ICU/kg diet) achieved higher growth performance and some carcass traits of Japanese quail.
An experiment was conducted designed to evaluate the effect of a probiotic as alternative to antibiotic growth promoters for broiler chicks. One hundred and fifty unsexed one-day-old Ross broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five equal groups; the first was considered the control group, while the second to fifth was the treatments groups. Each group included three equal replicates each of 20 chicks. The ration used in the first group was the experimental ration without any supplements (control) while, those of 2-5 treatment groups were the same ration, but supplemented with antibiotic Neomycin (200 mg/kg diet), probiotic (1g/kg diet), probiotic (1.5g/kg diet), and probiotic (2g/kg diet), respectively. All birds were raised in wire floored batteries with the following dimensions: width: 97 cm; length: 50 cm; height: 45 cm under similar environmental and management conditions. Body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR); carcass and some organ weights percentages as well as intestines and ceca lengths were determined at the end of the experiment (42 days of age). The obtained results revealed that birds fed ration supplemented with antibiotic (G2), achieved significantly heavier final BW and higher BWG than birds received different levels of probiotic (G3 to G5) or the control diet (G1). However, birds received 1g or 1.5g probiotic/kg diets (G3 or G4) had significantly higher final BW and BWG than those fed the probiotic diet (G5) and the control diet (G1). Birds fed antibiotic diet (G2) or received 1g and 1.5 g probiotic/kg diets (G3 and G4) had significantly better FCR values than those of birds fed the control diet (G1) and 2g probiotic/kg diet (G5). The total mortality rate of birds in G3 was lower than those of the other groups. Supplementing the diets with antibiotic or probiotics did not affect the percentages of carcass and body organ weights (gizzard, liver, heart, spleen and Giblets) as well as the lengths of intestines and ceca. The abdominal fat percentage in G1 and G4 was decreased compared to the other groups. Therefore, the supplementation of 1.5 g probiotic/kg diet as an alternative to antibiotics in broiler diet is highly recommended to obtain higher growth performance, improved feed conversion, and lower mortality, without adverse effect on abdominal fat and carcass traits.
Phytonematodes are one of the most important pathogens of cereal crops, especially maize (corn). The current study aimed to conduct a survey of phytonematodes associated with the rhizosphere of some dominant cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.) in clay and sandy soils in different geographical areas (Sohag and Behaira Governorates). Data revealed a significant difference between nematode population density and soil type between clay and sandy. As well as, the differentiation of maize cultivars in their ability to reproduce nematodes. Also, results showed the spread of six genera of nematodes in the rhizosphere of the maize plants in sandy soil, which belong to three families; Helicotylenchus, Heterodera, Hoplolaimus, Meloidogyne and Tylenchorhynchus. While only three of them appeared in the clay soil; Heterodera, Paratylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus. In addition, the Pioneer cultivar recorded the highest population density of nematodes (427) in the clay soil, followed by the Triple hybrid cultivar and then the cultivar of Hybrid 131(425). While in sandy soils, the Hi-tech cultivar achieved the highest population density (742) compared to the same cultivar in clay soil (471).
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