Two field experiments were conducted at El-Serw Agricultural Research Station, Damietta Governorate, during 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons, to study the effect of farmyard manure (0, 10, 20 and 30 m 3 /fad), plant densities (33600, 42000 and 56000 plant/fad), four biofertilizer treatments (without treated, inoculation seeds with Cerialine, Netrobine at 450 g/fad and 90 kg N/fad as a mineral fertilizer)and their interactions on growth and yield of sugar beet. The obtained results indicated that farmyard manure had a significant effect on average values of root fresh weight, sucrose %, purity % and yields of top, root and sugar/fad in both seasons. Increasing farmyard manure rate up to 30 m 3 /fad significantly increased root fresh weight, top yield/fad, root yield/fad as well as sugar yield/fad but, decreased sucrose % and purity % as compared to control (without added farmyard manure) in both seasons. Plant density significantly affected all studied traits in both seasons. The highest plant density 56000 plant/fad gave the highest values of sucrose %, purity %, top yield /fad, root yield /fad and sugar yield/fad, but it gave the lowest root fresh weight. On the contrary, the heaviest root was recorded with the lowest plant density 33600 plant/fad as compared with other studied plant densities in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons. Results indicated that fertilization treatments had a significant effect on all studied characters in both seasons. Applying nitrogen as a mineral fertilizer at a rate of 90 kg N/fad gave the highest values of root fresh weight, top yield/fad, root yield/fad and sugar yield/fad as compared with all other fertilization treatment, in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons. In this connection, cerialine biofertilizer followed the mineral nitrogen of the mentioned previously traits. The interaction between farmyard manure rates and plant densities, the interaction between farmyard manure rates and biofertilization treatments and the interaction between plant densities and biofertilization treatments were significantly affected all studied traits in both seasons. The interaction effect among farmyard manure, plant density and fertilization treatments was significant on all studied characters in both seasons. Plants received 30 m 3 /fad farmyard manure at the highest plant density 56000 plant/fad and fertilized by 90 kg N/fad gave the highest top yield/fad 33.65 and 39.28 tons, root yield/fad 40.76 and 39.20 tons as well as sugar yield/fad 7.11 and 6.75 tons compared to all other this interaction treatments in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons, respectively. Generally, it could be recommended that applied farmyard manure at the rate of 30 m 3 /fad for sugar beet plants sown at plant density of 56000 plant/fad, and fertilized by 90 kg N/fad gave the highest root and sugar yield/fad at North Delta,

These formulations seemed to destroy Orobanche but appeared harmless to host plants. Hence, they could be efficiently used as mycoherbicides for biological control of Orobanche in faba bean and tomato.

This research has been carried out to study the disease incidence and genetic analysis of adult plant resistance to leaf rust in eight Egyptian wheat varieties, Misr1, Misr2, Misr3, Gemmeiza11, Gemmeiza12, Sids1, Shandweel-1 and Sakha94 crossed with Triticum spelta saharensis (T.s.s.) as a highly susceptible tester wheat variety at Bahtem Agricultural Research Station, Agr. Res. Center during 2018-2021 growing seasons. The nine wheat genotypes and F2 plants of eight crosses with T.s.s. were estimated to disease incidence measurements and quantitative genetic analysis to leaf rust adult plant resistance. The nine wheat genotypes tested were divided into two resistance groups according to disease incidence measurements (FRS, r-value and AUDPC), the first group having the high and moderate levels of partial resistance i.e., Misr1, Misr2, Misr3, Gemmeiza12, Shandweel-1 and Sakha94, this group is of major importance for efficacious breeding for leaf rust durable resistance, while cultivars Gemmeiza11, Sids1 and T.s.s. were included in the second group with high values of FRS, r-value and AUDPC. The F2 populations, F1 and parents for each of the eight crosses were tested for adult plant disease severity. The quantitative analysis of the F1and F2 mean value of leaf rust severity in the eight crosses was mostly lower than the mean value estimated for their respective mid parents and indicated that rust resistance was partial dominance expecting crosses (T.s.s. × Sids1) in F1 and (T.s.s. × Gemmeiza11) in F2, the positive values were higher than the respective mid-parents, which indicates existence an over-dominance towards susceptibility of these crosses. The heritability in its broadsense estimated from the variance parents F1and F2 for partial leaf rust resistance, is considered to be high in magnitude, since the values ranged from 63.99 to 96.51%. The number of genes of each analyzed parent is controlled by three, two and a pair of genes. Generality, this outcome in the adult plant stage suggests which selection for this trait may be possible in the first segregating generations. Although the delay would be more efficacious, according to the important role that dominance impacts play in trait expression the selection of resistant adult plants in the subsequent generation of segregation would be useful for the development of a high-yielding wheat genotype under Egyptian condition.

This research investigates the physiological effect of exogenous antioxidants application at different rates on growth and productivity of maize crop grown under saline soils condition. A field trail was conducted at a field located in South Port Said, Egypt, during the two successive summer seasons 2016 and 2017 on yellow maize three cross hybrid 352 grown under saline soil condition to study the effect of exogenous antioxidants, i.e., ascorbic, citric and salicylic acids at 100 and 200 ppm concentration for each one as well as mixture of 100 ppm for the three antioxidant under study. Results could be summarized as follows: The foliar application with 100 ppm of antioxidant mixture increased plant height, leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL)], potassium content, ear length, grain weight/ear, 100-grain weight, grain and straw yields, followed by foliar application with 200 ppm of ascorbic acid (AA). However, proline, sodium contents and sodium/potassium ratio in leaves were decreased as compared with control.