A N acetyltransferases 2 (NAT2) is one of the phase II metabolizing enzyme that participate in the bioconversion of heterocyclic arylamines into electrophilic nitrenium ions, which are important ultimate carcinogens that are directly implicated in tumor initiation process. Prostate epithelial cell express N acetyltransferases (NAT) enzymes and recent molecular epidemiological studies have analyzed the relationship between NAT2 in etiology of prostate cancer. A review by chen (2001) in prostate cancer (PCa) suggests that the frequencies of some polymorphisms in certain genes differ among different racial and ethnic groups. In a case control study in India by Srivastava and Mittal (2005), observed significant association between rapid acetylator genotype NAT2 and PCa in tobacco users (OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.68-7.02, p< 0.001) when compared with controls. Hamasaki et al (2003) in Japanese men, observed the frequency of the NAT slow acetylator genotype was statistically higher among prostate cancer patients (17.1%) compared with controls (8.6%). Another case control study in Turkey by Kosova et al. (2009), concluded that Nat2* 6A and NAT2 *7A/B gene polymorphism were significantly associated with prostate cancer. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v5i2.21131 Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 5, No. 2: July 2014, Pages 39-42
Progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (PPRD), also known as spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda with progressive arthropathy (SEDT-PA), is an autosomal recessive disorder, resulting from mutations in the WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 3 (WISP3) gene involving the axial skeleton as well as small peripheral joints. Because of rarity here we present a case of 14-year-old boy, 1st issue of consanguineous parents who was presented with pain & gradual development of contracture in 3rd distal interphalangeal joint of right hand when he was 4-year-old, then gradual involvement of other interphalangeal joints of hands, bilateral wrists, elbows, shoulder, knees &ankles occurred over years with the development of contractures and restricted movement. For last few years, he developed difficulty in walking. Clinically spinal scoliosis and coxa vara was present. Mobility of spines and multiple joints including proximal & distal interphalangeal joints of hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders, knees, ankles were restricted with flexion contractures. The gait of the patient was limping. Radiological evaluation showed osteopenia in X-ray of pelvis with both hip joints and both knee joints. Generalized osteopenia, fusiform swelling in distal interphalangeal joint, flexion deformity in distal interphalangeal joint of middle and ring fingers of both hand was shown in X-ray of both hands. MRI of lumbosacral spine showed dorso-lumbar vertebral bodies dysplastic with anterior wedging producing bullet nose. Superior epiphyseal deformity was also noted in lower dorsal bodies suggestive of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia of dorso-lumbar spine. Genetic study showed homozygous nonsense variation in exon 5 of the WISP3 gene suggestive pathogenic variant. Finally, he was diagnosed as a case of PPRD and treated with physiotherapy, family counseling, and anti-inflammatory medications. AKMMC J 2022; 13(1) : 52-55
Primary Distal renal tubular acidosis is an infrequent tubular disorder with complex pathophysiology that present with poor growth, skeletal changes and sometimes life-threatening hypokalemia. Here we present two siblings one girl and one boy with a consanguineous parents presented with polyuria, polydipsia, failure to thrive and skeletal deformity. Both cases showed non-anion gap metabolic acidosis with alkaline urine and the younger brother had periodic paralysis due to hypokalemia. After diagnosis and treatment they showed good response with alkali therapy. AKMMC J 2022; 13(1) : 56-59
Background: Corona virus disease is a global health crisis, a surprising feature of the disease reflects that children might be less affected in the initial stage. Previous studies suggest that COVID-19 more likely to infect adults, but paediatric patients are on the rise. In most of the cases children have mild or moderate symptom of COVID-19, but another new serious presentation emerged named Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) which includes features like Kawasaki disease or toxic shock syndrome. The past few months we have seen a lot of findings and variation regarding the COVID-19 illness. As childhood presentation are variable analyzing the pattern of disease in children helps the policy makers to make the better strategies and health care givers to serve better. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the age and sex distribution, clinical presentations, morbidity, mortality pattern in children with COVID-19 infection. Methods: This descriptive study conducted in the Outpatient Department of Pediatrics and dedicated COVID-19 unit of Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from May 2020 to November 2020. 24 children with RT-PCR positive for COVID-19 were included in this study. Medical records of these patients were reviewed and data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Results: The total number of children with RT-PCR positive for COVID-19 during the study period was 24. The male female ratio was 1.4:1. Most of the patients were aged over 10 years 9(37.5%). Fever (92%), cough (75%) and headache (50%) were the most common clinical features. A total 10 (41.7%) patients presented with mild clinical symptoms, 6 (25%) were severe to critical state and 2(8.3%) patients found with features with MIS-C. No mortality was observed. Conclusion: The paediatric patients with COVID-19 had mild illness and had good prognosis. The child with MIS-C need early intervention for better outcome. AKMMC J 2021; 12(1) : 45-51
Introduction: Outcomes that are related to maternal smokeless tobacco (ST) were considerably assessed over the past 50 years with resultant health issues. About 28% of Bengali women have been seen using ST. Some significant health consequences of smoking during pregnancy as, continuous abortion, stillbirth, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, low birth weight babies, and intrauterine growth retardation. Aim of the study: To investigate the influence of use ST during pregnancy on aspects of neonatal outcome like LBW & preterm birth. Methods: A comparative cross sectional study, conducted in the Department of Paediatrics and Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from January 2009 to December 2010. A total of 340 mother-neonate pairs were included in the study and among them,170 mothers using ST for years and heir recently delivered newborn infants ( mother-neonate pairs) were enrolled as ‘cases’ by purposive sampling, and another 170 mother-newborn pairs matched with histories of not using smokeless tobacco or smoke were enrolled as controls. Detailed history of each mother about the antenatal period was taken and through physical examination of the mother was done immediately. Each neoborn was assessed for birth weight and gestational age. Birth weight was weighted in gram using baby scale. Gestional age was determined by LRMP method and also by New Ballard Scoring System. Result: Most of the mothers in this study used shada, followed by jorda, shada+jorda and gul. Smokeless tobacco (ST) used by mothers during pregnancy had a significant association with the delivery of LBW baby (P <0.001) and carries a risk of having delivery of LBW baby 3.7 times higher compared to nonusers of smokeless tobacco. Preterm delivery((P <0.001 )was significantly associated with use of smokeless tobacco by mothers in the study group in comparison to the control group and carries a risk of having preterm delivery 3.1 times more than nonusers. ...........
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